高密度脂蛋白心血管保护作用新进展:功能及机制

Progress of cardioprotective effects of high density lipoprotein:function and mechanism

高密度脂蛋白是一种脂质和蛋白含量大致均等的异质性脂蛋白,可分为多种亚类。高密度脂蛋白通过促进胆固醇逆转运,抑制低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰,抑制血管炎症,抑制血栓形成,促进内皮修复,抗细胞凋亡等发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用已经成为共识。最近研究发现了高密度脂蛋白发挥心血管保护作用的新机制,主要为抑制免疫炎症反应,抑制造血干细胞增殖,调节血糖代谢等,对高密度脂蛋白及其亚类在心血管保护方面的作用有了进一步的认识。本文总结高密度脂蛋白心血管保护的新功能以及HDL亚类与这些功能之间的关系。

The high density lipoprotein（HDL） in human plasma is a heterogeneous lipoprotein consisting of roughly equal contents of lipid and protein in roughly equal content,and it consists of several subtypes.HDL possesses several well-documented functions,including anti-atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport,inhibiting the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins（LDLs）,inhibiting vascular inflammation,preventing thrombosis and apoptosis,and promoting endothelial repair.Recently,more cardiovascular protective functions of HDL have been found,mainly including the ability of suppressing immune inflammatory reaction,inhibiting the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells,and regulating the plasma glucose level.It is of great importance to understand how different HDL subtypes contribute to the potentially cardioprotective functions.