江西省“三清山式”花岗岩地貌景观发育机制探讨

A Tentative Discussion on the Development Mechanism of “Mt. Sanqingshan Style” Granite Landform, Jiangxi Province

拥有10亿年演化历史的江西三清山于2008年7月入选世界自然遗产名录,2012年9月批准成为世界地质公园,以花岗岩地质与花岗岩峰林地貌著称,堪称天下花岗岩微地貌的天然博物馆,具有世界性对比意义,有人称之为"三清山式"花岗岩地貌。本文从构造背景、物质基础、外动力条件和外动力作用的变化等4个方面探讨了"三清山式"地貌景观的成因。分析认为,构造是"三清山式"地貌形成的主导因素,燕山运动晚期形成的高硅、富钾、低镁钙的A型花岗岩是物质基础,流水是重要的外动力条件,第四纪以来气候周期性的冷暖变化是微地貌景观多样性的重要原因之一。

Mt. Sanqingshan in Jiangxi, with the geological evolutionary history of more than 1 billion years, entered the World Natural Heritage List in July, 2008, and was awarded the name Global Geopark in September, 2012. It is famous for its granite geology and granite peak landform and can be regarded as the natural museum of granite micro-landforms, with global comparison significance. It is called “Mt. Sanqingshan Style” granite landform. In this paper, the development mechanism of the landform was analyzed in four aspects, i.e., tectonic setting, material basis, external forces and change of external forces. It is believed that the structure is the dominant factor for the formation of the “Mt. Sanqingshan Style” granite landform, that A-type granite with high silicon and potassium and low magnesium and calcium is the material basis, that water is an important external dynamic force, and that the cyclical climate change since Quaternary has been one of the important factors for micro-landscape diversity.