中枢神经系统常见肿瘤分子病理学及靶向治疗

Molecular pathology and targeted therapy of common tumors in central nervous system

中枢神经系统肿瘤采用传统治疗方法难以治愈,由于传统化疗药物缺乏特异性,在抗肿瘤的同时,对正常组织和器官也产生毒性作用。因此,针对中枢神经系统肿瘤细胞内分子通路特异性靶向治疗成为近年研究的热点。本文拟从细胞内关键责任信号转导通路及基因突变位点的角度分别介绍髓母细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞肿瘤和胶质母细胞瘤分子生物学特征及其与肿瘤预后的关系,以及肿瘤靶向治疗现状及进展,为中枢神经系统肿瘤的个体化治疗提供一些新的信息。

It is difficult to cure central nervous system tumors using traditional method, due to chemotherapy drugs lack of specificity. They kill the tumor cells, and damage normal tissues and organs at the same time. The latest hotspot is targeted therapy on the specific molecules in the molecular pathway of central nervous system tumor ceils. This review introduces the relationship between molecularly biological characteristics of medulloblastoma, oligodendrocytoma, glioblastoma and the prognosis in the view of critical intracellular pathway and genetic mutation. Furthermore, it reviews the current situation and progress of targeted therapy of tumors. As a consequence, it offers some new information for the individualized therapy of central nervous system tumors.