滴水湖及其水体交换区沉积物和土壤中PAHs的分布及生态风险评价

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments and Soils from Dishui Lake and Its Water Exchange Areas

采用GC-MS联用技术分析了滴水湖及其水体交换区23个表层沉积物和土壤中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量,探讨其分布特征及来源并对其生态风险进行评价.结果表明,滴水湖沉积物中16种PAHs含量范围是11.49-157.09 ng·g-1,平均含量为66.60 ng·g-1,湖区沉积物中PAHs含量比入湖区低,但比出湖区高.湖区外的沉积物和土壤中PAHs组成主要以中、高分子量PAHs（4环、5-6环）为主,而湖区内表层沉积物中PAHs组成则以低分子量PAHs（2-3环）和高分子量PAHs（5-6环）为主.通过特征化合物分子比值法、主成分分析及多元线性回归模型判源,表明湖区外沉积物和土壤中PAHs来源主要为燃烧源,而湖区内沉积物中PAHs来源为燃烧源和石油类产品泄漏的混合来源.生态风险评价显示,滴水湖及其水体交换区沉积物和土壤中PAHs生态风险较低.

Twenty-three surface sediment samples were collected from Dishui Lake and its surroundings,and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） were analyzed using GC-MS. The distribution characteristics,possible sources and ecological risk were investigated. The results show that the concentrations of total PAHs range between 11. 49 ng·g^- 1and 157. 09 ng·g^- 1with a mean value of 66. 60 ng·g^- 1in sediments from Dishui Lake,which is lower than the mean value in the catchment area but higher than that in the drainage area. Median and high molecular weight PAHs（ 4 rings,5-6 rings） are the dominant compounds compared to the low molecular weight PAHs（ 2-3 rings） in surface sediments and soils from the lake＇s surroundings,while in Dishui Lake low and high molecular weight PAHs are the dominator. Based on the PAHs molecule ratios,using principal component analysis and multiple line regression,a combustion source is diagnosed in the lake＇s surroundings,while the mix sources of leakage of petroleum and combustion are found in Dishui Lake. Ecological risk assessment result indicates that PAHs in the sediments and soils in Dishui Lake and its water exchange areas pose little biological adverse impact.