辽宁省城乡小学生早餐行为调查

Breakfast behaviors among primary students in Liaoning

目的分析辽宁省城乡小学生早餐行为及影响因素,为开展以学校为基础的干预提供依据。方法数据来源于2011年＂辽宁省学龄儿童营养监测＂,共调查三～六年级小学生16 169名。调查使用自制问卷,收集人口统计学指标、早餐行为及其他健康相关行为等信息,同时测量身高、体重。结果上学日,11.8%的城市学生和24.4%的农村学生不能每天吃早餐;城市学生早餐质量好的比例为49.5%,农村学生为36.3%,城市高于农村（x^2=224.6,P〈0.01）。城市学生中,早餐质量好的学生在第4节课之前有饥饿感的比例（27.1%）低于早餐质量不好的学生（29.8%）;农村学生分别为38.4%和40.0%,差异均有统计学意义（Z值分别为-4.7,-3.3,P值均〈0.01）。调整年龄、性别、地区及上学路程时间等影响因素后,与每日吃早餐且食物种类多样相比,经常不吃早餐且食物种类单调的学生肥胖的风险更高（OR=1.44,95%CI=1.14～1.98）。结论辽宁地区小学生吃早餐的频率较低,且50%以上学生早餐质量不好,亟需改善。

Objective To analyze breakfast behaviors among primary students in Liaoning province. Methods Data were based on 2011 Liaoning Provincial School-age Children Nutrition Surveillance. Information on demographics, breakfast behaviors and nutrition knowledge were collected by self-administrated questionnaire. Height and weight of subjects were also measured. Re- suits About 11.8% of urban pupils and 24.4% of rural pupils didn＂ t eat breakfast every day. The percentage of having healthy breakfast in urban areas was significantly higher than that of rural areas （ 9.5% vs 36.3% x^2 = 224.6, P〈0.01 ）- In urban area, the proportion of students feeling hungry before the 4th class in the morning was lower among those who had healthy breakfast than those who had unhealthy breakfast（ 27.1% vs 29.8% ;Z= -4.7,P〈0.01）. In rural area, the proportion was 38.4% and 40.0%, sepa- rately（ Z=-3.3 ,P〈0.01 ）. Pupils who rarely eat breakfast or bad unhealthy breakfast had higher risk of obesity （ OR= 1.44,95%C1 = 1.14-1.98）. Conclusion It needs to be concerned that one-tenth of urban pupils and a quarter of rural pupils didn＂ t have breakfast every day.