宁波市中学生抑郁情绪现状及其相关因素分析

Depressive symptoms and related risk factors among middle school students in Ningbo

目的了解宁波市中学生抑郁情绪现状及其相关危险因素,为有效促进学生心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法在宁波市4个地区的初中、高中抽取中学生1 939名,采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)调查学生抑郁情绪现状,同时调查家庭一般状况、应对方式及父母教养方式等。结果宁波市中学生抑郁情绪检出率为17.23%;无抑郁组学生在健康状况、学习成绩、伙伴关系、父母和睦程度等均优于抑郁组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),父母教养方式中无抑郁组父母情感温暖因子评分高于有抑郁组,父母惩罚严厉及拒绝否认因子低于抑郁组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);Logistic回归分析显示,与抑郁情绪的相关危险因素包括伙伴关系差、父母陪伴时间少、父母情感温暖理解得分低、父亲惩罚及母亲拒绝否认高、针对问题的解决及积极合理解释得分低、忍耐高(P值均<0.01)。结论父母养育方式对学生的抑郁情绪影响较明显。改善父母养育方式及学生的应对方式,可有效减少中学生抑郁情绪的发生。

Objective To investigate epidemiology of depressive symptoms and related risk lactors among high school students in Ningbo city. Methods A total of 1 939 middle school students were selected by random stratified cluster sampling method. Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children （ DSRSC ） was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. Information also included family background, coping style, parental rearing. Results Report rate of depressive symptoms among Ningbo students was 17.23%. The risk factors included poor peer relationship, short parental accompany time, low parental emotional warmth, high pa- ternal punishment and maternal refuse and deny.The students without depressive problems were better in health status,learning achievement, peer relationship and parents relationship（P〈0.05） than the depressive students.The students without deppressive prob- lems scored higher in parents′ emotional warmth but lower in parental punishment and rejection/denial than the depressive students. Students had low score in problem-solving factor and positive rational explanation and high score in enduring factors. Conclusion Improving parental rearing pattern and students＂ coping style can be used as intervention strategy of middle school students depressive symptoms.