青少年抑郁症患者父母教养方式和生活事件分析

Relationship between parental rearing style and life events of adolescent depression

目的探讨青少年抑郁症患者父母教养方式和生活事件的特点,为防治抑郁症提供理论依据。方法收集2011年10月—2012年9月,于安徽医科大学第一附属医院医学心理门诊首次就医并符合《国际疾病分类标准编码》第10版（ICD-10）中抑郁症诊断标准,且汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）17项测评总分≥17分,年龄14~22岁的门诊患者作为病例组,共79例;选取与之匹配的61名健康人群作为对照组。采用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）、青少年生活事件量表（ASCLE）、汉密尔顿抑郁量（HAMD）作为测量工具进行问卷调查。结果 EMBU量表中父母亲的惩罚严厉、过度干涉、拒绝否认、过度保护等因子得分,病例组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。ASCLE量表中人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应、其他及总分,病例组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为5.506,3.563,4.727,8.011,6.698,6.884,P值均〈0.05）。相关性分析显示,不良的教养方式与经历的生活事件具有相关性（P值均〈0.05）。结论不良家庭教养方式和生活事件均是青少年抑郁症发病的危险因素。早年经历不良教养方式使青少年经历负性事件增多,同时康复力减退可诱导抑郁症的发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors of life events and parental rearing style on the adolescent depression for finding a proper parental rearing style to decrease the onset of depression. Methods A total of 79 adolescents were in accordance with the depression standards of International Classification of Diseases, Version 10 and 61 healthy adolescents were chosen as case and control group respectively. Assess them with Adolescent Self Rating Life Events Check List （ ASLEC） , egna minnen barndoms uppfostran （ EMBU ）, Hamilton depression scale （ HAMD） and a questionnaire on background information, then analyze the results with SPSS 17.0 software. Results There were significant differences in factors parental punishment and sternness, rejection, excessive interference, overprotection between the case and control group . There were significant differences in factors interpersonal relationships, study pressure, punished, health and adaptation and others. The relevance analysis suggested a correlation between life events and parental rearing style. Conclusion Adverse life events and parental rearing style are the risk of adolescent depression. Adverse parental rearing styler accumulating with the negative events, decreasing recovery from the negative events set up the onset of depression .