黔北农村留守初中生问题行为调查

Problem behaviors of the left-behind kids in junior middle school in northern Guizhou

目的了解黔北农村留守初中生问题行为现状,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法分层整群选取黔北农村6所初中5 608名学生作为调查对象,其中留守初中生2 400名,非留守初中生3 208名;采用中国中学生心理健康量表和自编外显问题行为问卷进行调查。结果留守初中生内隐问题行为检出率为60.2%,非留守初中生为57.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.210,P<0.05)。强迫症状、焦虑、情绪不平衡、人际关系紧张与敏感4个因子得分留守初中生均高于非留守初中生(t值分别为2.074,2.219,2.646,2.887,P值均<0.05);留守初中生"过去12个月曾玩过赌博游戏"报告率低于非留守初中生(χ2=5.926,P<0.05),两者之间成瘾、伤害、性相关和品行等各项外显问题行为报告率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论黔北农村留守初中生内隐问题行为明显,外显问题行为不突出。应关注留守初中生的内隐问题行为,采取有针对性的干预措施,维护留守初中生的心理健康。

Objective To understand various aspects of problem behaviors among left-behind junior middle school students in northern rural areas. Methods The Chinese Middle School Students Mental Health Scale and self-made externalizing behavior problem questionnaire were administered to 5 608 students from 6 junior middle schools, among which 2 400 were left-behind ones. Rusults Report rate of implicit problem behaviors among left-behind children was 60.2%. The scores in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, emotional instability and interpersonal tension were higher among left-behind group than that in control group. There was no significant difference in addiction, harm, sex and moral behaviors between left-behind kids and control group. Conclusion The implicit problem behavior is more serious while externalizing problem behavior is not prominent among left-behind children in rural areas of Guizhou. Programs should be developed to improve mental health of left-behind children.