不同地域环境对栝楼籽和栝楼籽油营养成分的影响(英文)

Nutritional compositions in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seeds and seed oils influenced by geographical environment

为了研究和比较同一时间收获于不同区域（浙江长兴、河北安国、山西晋城和山东滨州）的栝楼籽的营养成分,将栝楼籽样本去皮压碎后,测定其蛋白质、氨基酸、脂质、脂肪酸、生育酚和矿物质.结果表明：栝楼籽的蛋白质质量分数为28.68％（长兴）～40.91％（安国）；总氨基酸质量分数为686.9～863.3 mg/g 蛋白,其中亮氨酸是最丰富的必需氨基酸,谷氨酸和精氨酸是主要的非必需氨基酸；栝楼籽的总脂质量分数为22.81％（安国）～49.41％（长兴）,其中石榴酸（9c ,11t ,13c‐C18：3）是最主要的脂肪酸（33.09％～50.75％）,其次为 C18：2n‐6（亚油酸）、C18：1n‐9、C16：0、C18：0和 C14：0,而总脂含量和脂肪酸组成因地理位置不同而有差异；在栝楼籽中检测到α‐和γ‐生育酚,其中安国样本含α‐生育酚最低,为67.8μg/g ,而长兴的为350.7μg/g ；晋城的栝楼籽含有最高的铜（6.01 mg/kg）、铁（136.94 mg/kg）和硒（35.06μg/kg）,而长兴的栝楼籽含有最低的铁（98.18 mg/kg）、锌（22.89 mg/kg）和硒（22.89 mg/kg）.总之,栝楼籽营养丰富,含有脂质、蛋白质、石榴酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和硒,地理位置和气候可能影响栝楼籽中的营养素.从本实验数据看,在将栝楼籽应用于功能食品时,河北安国将是比较好的栝楼籽产地.

Summary In order to investigate and compare the nutrients of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seeds from different locations , T . kirilowii seeds were obtained from Changxing （ Zhejiang Province） , Anguo （ Hebei Province） , Jincheng （ Shanxi Province） , and Binzhou （ Shandong Province） at the same harvest season . The seeds were shelled , crushed for the analyses of protein , amino acid , lipids , fatty acids , tocopherol and minerals . The results showed that the protein content ranged from 28 .68% （ Changxing sample） to 40 .91% （ Anguo sample） . Total amino acid content ranged from 686 .9 to 863 .3 mg/g protein , and leucine was the abundant essential amino acid （ EAA） , while glutamic acid and arginine were two major non‐essential amino acids （ non‐EAA） . The total lipid content ranged from 22 .81% in Anguo sample to 49 .41% in Changxing sample , and 9c ,11t ,13c‐C18 ：3 （ punicic acid , PA） was the predominant fatty acid （ 33 .09% 50 .75% ） , followed by C18 ：2n‐6 （ linoleic acid , LA） , C18 ：1n‐9 , C16 ：0 , C18 ：0 , and C14 ：0 . The lipid contents and fatty acid compositions were both varied among different locations . The α‐and γ‐tocopherol contents of T . kirilow ii seeds kernel were also determined , and α‐tocopherol ranged from 67 .8 μg/g seed kernel mass （ SM ） in Anguo sample to 350 .7 μg /g in Changxing sample . Jincheng sample had the highest content of copper （ Cu） （ 6 .01 mg/kg SM ） , iron （ Fe） （ 136 .94 mg/kg SM ） and selenium （ Se） （ 212 .29 μg/kg SM ） , while Changxing sample had the lowest contents of Fe , Zn and Se , which were 98 .18 mg/kg SM , 22 .89 mg/kg SM and 35 .06 μg/kg SM , respectively . In conclusion , the T . kirilowii seeds are abundant in nutrients , such as lipid , protein , PA , polyunsaturated fatty acid and Se . Location and climate may affect the nutrients and further studies will be needed in this regard . From the data , it is obvious that Anguo sample will be a better choice as a source location of T . kirilowii seeds when using it in functional food .