“落在两扇磨石间的谷粒”:索尔仁尼琴在西方(1974-1994)

“The Grain between the Millstones”: Solzhenitsyn in the West(1974-1994)

索尔仁尼琴的思想和形象在流亡时期发生了重要转变。流亡前,作家对西方不无好感,但文化的冲突、冷战的特殊氛围以及避难者身份的尴尬等,使他从进入西方之初就陷入困境。借助自己的俄罗斯经验,作家很快在西方发现了熟悉的现代性精神危机,并对流行的以西方为中心的世界主义想象进行了挑战。这也让他在东、西方都成为了不受欢迎的人。被迫隐居的索尔仁尼琴最终通过对斯托雷平改革和二月革命的重新"发现"与书写,全面回顾、反思了自己的这次西方之旅。

The thought and image of Solzhenitsyn made significant changes in his exile. Before his exile, the writer had no favorable impression of the West. However, cultural conflicts, special atmosphere of the Cold War and embarrassing refugee status got Solzhenitsyn into trouble from the very beginning of his exile. Based on his Russian experience, the writer soon found familiar spiritual crisis of modernity in the West and challenged the popular imagination of west-centered cosmopolitanism. As a result, he tumed to be unwelcome either in the East or in the West. Ultimately, by ＂re-finding＂ and writing on the Stolypin Reform and the February Revolution, Solzhenitsyn, who was forced to live in seclusion, made an overall review and reflection on his joumey in the West.