试论女皇叶卡捷琳娜二世妇女教育改革

On the Women Education Reform under Catherine the Grea

作为西方化改革的重要组成部分,俄国女皇叶卡捷琳娜二世推行的妇女教育改革开创了女性公共教育的先河。这一改革将培养西方化的妇女、以家庭教育来塑造文明的新一代臣民作为目标;通过将公共教育扩展到妇女群体,将西方的文化价值观结合本国的传统道德观灌输给贵族女性,不但开始了近代俄国妇女的文化启蒙,也加速了俄国贵族阶层的西方化和俄国的近代化进程。最终,叶卡捷琳娜二世的妇女教育改革提高了俄国妇女的家庭地位,推动了妇女参与社会公共事务,并为十九世纪中期俄国妇女解放运动和社会民主化进程奠定了基础。

As an important part of westernizing reforms, the reform of women education pushed by Catherine the Great pioneered the public education of women. The reform aimed to cultivate westernized women, and endeavored to foster a new generation of civilized people by family education. In the reform, on the one hand, the public education was extended to the group of women, and on the other the western cultural values and Russian traditional morality were combined to instill into the noble women as well. This not only enlightened the cultural process of modem Russian women, but also sped up the westernization of Russian aristocracy and modemization of Russia. As a result, the reform of women education under Catherine the Great managed to elevate the status of Russian women in their families and promoted them to participate in social public affairs, and thus laid a foundation for Russian women＇s liberation movement and the social democratization in the middle 19th century.