河南省食饮单位生活饮用水水质调查分析

Investigation,analysis of drinking water quality in catering units of Henan province

目的了解河南省食饮单位生活饮用水卫生现状,为监管部门提供有效的监管依据。方法抽检全省各地市、县的宾馆酒店、中小型饭店、学校及幼儿园餐厅的生活饮用水278份,依据GB/T5750-2006测定砷、铅、镉、汞4种重金属及菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌等4项微生物指标,依据GB/5749-2006及重金属污染单因子指数法对数据进行评价。结果 2011年抽检136份,2013年抽检142份,总合格率分别为69.10%、67.60%,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.07,P>0.05);278份水样中,4种重金属全部合格,均为非污染程度;菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌合格率分别为73.70%、76.60%、82.40%、92.10%;集中式供水、二次供水和分散式供水合格率分别为71.10%、88.70%和10.70%,差异有统计学意义(x2=53.79,P<0.01);宾馆酒店、中小型饭店、学校及幼儿园餐厅生活饮用水合格率分别为88.90%、57.80%、62.50%、65.40%,差异有统计学意义(x2=19.91,P<0.01)。结论河南省食饮单位生活饮用水的主要问题是微生物污染,而分散式供水方式水质的污染尤为严重。

Objective To learn the current hygienic situation of drinking water quality in catering units of Henan province and provide corresponding basis for government supervision departments.Methods 278 drinking water samples collected randomly from hotels, small and medium sized restaurants,school and kindergarten canteens all over the province have been examined to determine the levels of 4 heavy metals including arsenic,lead,cadmium and mercury and 4 microbiological objects of bacterial colonies, coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and E.coli with GB/T5750-2006. Data have been evaluated by using GB/5749-2006 and heavy metal single factor contaminant index.Results 136 and 142 samples were examined in 2011 and 2013 , giving qualification rates of 69.1% and 67.6 % respectively, without statistically significant difference （x2=0.07,P 〉 0.05 ）; By examing these 278 samples, there shows no contamination of 4 heavy metals and the qualification rates of bacterial colonies, coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and E.coli are 73.70 %, 76.60 %,82.4% and 92.10 %; Qualification rates of centralized, secondary and de-centralized water supply are 71.10 %, 88.70 % and 10.70 %, with statistically significant difference （x2=53.79,P 〈 0.01 ）; Qualification rates of hotels, small and medium size restaurants, school and kindergarten canteens＇ water supply are 88.90 %, 57.80 %, 62.50 % and 65.40 %, with statistically significant difference （x2=19.91, P 〈 0.01 ）.Conclusion The major issue of the drinking water in the catering units of Henan province is microbiological contamination, among which contamination during de-central- ized water supply is particularly serious.