长江流域雨情监测分析系统及其关键技术

Rainfall Monitoring and Analysis System for Yangtze River Catchment and Key Techniques

介绍长江流域雨情监测分析系统的总体设计与关键技术实现。系统利用新一代气象通信系统及现代信息存储技术,实现了长江流域12个省(市)气象部门的703个国家级自动气象站、12000余个区域级自动站等资料的实时收集、监控、质量控制、存储及共享,满足了流域雨情资料实时监测、分析业务的高时效性、高质量性的应用需求;利用长江流域气象历史和实时资料,实现了长江流域及其子流域日、月、季、年等固定时间尺度及任意时段的雨情监测,并利用物理统计方法,提炼出长江流域不同年代不同季节的降水空间分布;采用基于Flex的WebGIS框架设计,实现了人机交互实时分析,满足了在多用户并发条件下高密度自动站数据的快速响应。该系统的建成为三峡梯调中心提供了一个集气象信息收集、整理、加工分析、基于WebGIS展示分析产品等功能为一体的业务应用系统,为长江三峡水利枢纽综合调度和上游水资源开发利用提供气象服务技术支撑。

The overall design of the system and the implementation of key technologies are introduced. Using the new-generation meteorological communication system and storage technology, the system realized the collection, monitoring, quality control, storage, and sharing of real-time meteorological data, which covers 703 national automatic meteorological stations, more than 12000 regional automatic stations, etc., of meteorological service in 12 provinces （cities） over the Yangtze River Catchment. Meanwhile the system fills the requirements of high efficiency and high quality on the data monitoring and analysis. Taking advantage of the historical and real-time meteorological data in the Yangtze River basin, the rainfall monitoring on fixed time scales such as day, month, season, year and so on or any period time is achieved, and using the method of statistical physics, the spatial distribution of precipitation in di{ferent seasons over the Yangtze River basin is extracted. Using the WebGIS framework based on Flex technology, the real- time analysis of human-computer interaction is achieved to meet the quick response of high-density automatic stations under a multi-user concurrent condition. The system provides an integrated operational application system combining the collection, collation, processing, analysis, product displaying and so on of meteorological information together for the Three Gorges Cascade Dispatching Center, and provides technical support for hydro-meteorological service in the integrated scheduling and developing of upstream water resources.