静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池中的应用

Application of Electrospinning Technique in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

静电纺丝是一种简单、实用的制造纳米纤维的技术,所需设备少,易于大规模生产。本文主要从催化剂、固体聚电解质膜及膜电极三方面阐述了静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池中的应用。静电纺丝制得的一维纳米线电催化剂具有稳定的循环性能、优异的传质能力及较低的成本;制备的固体聚电解质膜主要包括Nafion复合膜、阻醇膜及耐温膜,其性能相对于传统的Nafion膜得到了进一步提升,而且,通过采用静电纺丝技术,使膜电极结构得到了优化。最后,对静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池应用过程中可能存在的问题及其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Electrospinning is a facile technique to fabricate nanotibers without complex set-up, which offers a promising route for large-scale production of nanofibers. In this paper, the application of electrospinning technique （ECT） on catalysts, solid polyeleetrolyte membranes and membrane electrode assemblies （MEAs） in low temperature fuel cells was introduced in detail. The one-dimensional nanostructure catalysts prepared by ECT exhibit stable cyclic performance and excellent mass transfer ability. The solid polyelectrolyte membranes with further improved performance compared with the traditional Nation membranes including Nation composite membranes, methanol-blocking membranes as well as elevated temperature melnbranes had been prepared. Also, the membrane electrode structure had been optimized using ECT. At last, some possible existing problems and the developlnent trend of ECT applied in fuel cells were put forward.