三江平原典型沼泽湿地养分累积与沉积特征

Profile Nutrient Distribution and Sedimentary Characteristics in Typical Marshes of Sanjiang Plain

研究了三江平原两类典型沼泽湿地(毛果苔草沼泽和芦苇沼泽)沉积物剖面有机碳、全氮、全磷和全硫的垂直分布规律,初步分析了三江平原湿地的沉积速率与沉积通量.结果表明,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全硫在垂直方向上具有明显的分层和富聚现象,自上而下,有机碳的含量逐渐降低;全氮含量呈先增加后减少的分布趋势;毛果苔草沼泽全磷含量呈先减少后增加的"V"型分布,芦苇沼泽全磷含量逐渐降低;全硫的分布和有机碳的分布规律一致.相关性分析表明,全氮、全磷和全硫与有机碳之间呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);有机碳与容重之间呈极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01).植被类型是影响沼泽湿地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全硫的空间分布的主要因素之一.应用137Cs、210Pb测定沉积年代,并结合恒定放射性通量(CRS)模式推算年龄的结果表明,三江平原湿地平均沉积速率为0.33 cm·a-1,沉积通量为0.03～0.48 g·(cm2·a)-1,平均为0.29 g·(cm2·a)-1.

Profile distribution characteristics of organic carbon（C）,total nitrogen（N）,total phosphorus（P） and total sulfur（S）were studied in two typical marshes including Carex lasiocarpa marsh and Phragmites australis marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. Sedimentary characteristics of typical mashes were analyzed. The results showed that vertically these soil chemical elements also varied,showing obvious stratification and enrichment. In a soil profile,soil organic C under both vegetation communities gradually decreased; soil total N first increased and then decreased under both; total P under Carex lasiocarpa first decreased and then increased,whereas it decreased with the increasing depth under Carex lasiocarpa; total S was reduced with increasing depth under both marshes. Total N,total P and total S were all strongly correlated with soil organic C（P 0. 01）; soil organic C was strongly correlated with bulk density（P 0.01）. Our study also illustrated that the vegetation types had different influences for organic C,total N,total P and total S of the marsh profiles. Environmental137 Cs and210Pb dating techniques were applied to determine recent sedimentation rates,and the constant rate of supply（CRS） was applied to deduce the age of sediment core,and the results showed that the mean sedimentation rate was0. 33 cm^2·a^- 1,and the sedimentation fluxes ranged 0.03-0.48 g·（cm^2·a）^- 1[Mean =0.29 g·（cm^2·a）^- 1].