干旱区秸秆覆盖对滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响

Effect of straw mulching on growth and yield of cotton under drip irrigation in arid area

为探索秸秆覆盖对北疆滴灌棉花生长特征和产量的影响,2009—2012年期间,以小麦秸秆为材料,在非盐碱土和盐碱土2种土壤条件下,进行了无覆盖（LUM）、表层覆盖（LSM）、地表以下30 cm深处覆盖（LM30）的测坑对比试验.结果表明：秸秆覆盖对棉花生长及产量具有一定的促进效果,对盐碱土种植的棉花株高、叶面积指数和产量的促进作用显著,而对非盐碱土棉花株高、叶面积指数和产量的促进作用不明显.地表覆盖综合调控效应优于30 cm深层覆盖,尤其是在棉花花铃期,在盐分抑制方面地表覆盖要比30 cm覆盖效果好;30 cm覆盖在苗期和蕾期可以给棉花生长创造比较好的条件,而在花铃期以后这种覆盖效果不太明显;表层覆盖处理棉花产量最高,高出无覆盖处理3.2%-17.9%,高出30 cm深层覆盖3.1%-16.3%.

In order to explore the effect of straw mulching on growth characteristics and yield of drip irrigation of cotton in North Xinjiang, comparative trial in test-pit has been done from 2009 to 2012. Considering wheat straw as materials in the experiment, three treatments, surface coverage（ LSM）, 30 cm under the surface coverage （LM30） and no pit experiments （LUM）, were carried out respectively. The results show that straw mulching has certain influence on the growth and yield of cotton under drip irrigation, especially in saline - alkali soil. Straw mulching has insignificant effect on drip irrigation cotton plant height, leaf area index and yield relatively in non-saline soil condition. The comprehensive regulation effect of surface coverage as well as the aspect of salt inhibition is better than that of LM30 especially in cotton growth period （flowering and boll-setting period）. LM30 can create better conditions in seedling and cotton bud stage, but this effect is less pronounced after the blooming period. When the LSM is used, the highest yield of cotton than LUM and 3.1% - 16.3% higher than LM30. can be obtained, which is 3.2% - 17.9% higher