基于科学的创新与基于技术的创新——兼论科学-技术关系的“部门”模式

Science-based innovation and technology-based innovation:sectoral patterns of science-technology relationship

现代以来,科学已经不再是单纯的知识追求,科学发现往往也是新技术。这一类基于科学的创新,与过去得到很多研究的基于技术的创新,存在很大的差异。认识这两类基本的创新模式的差异,对于理解各行业的技术变化和经济发展具有重要意义。因此,这篇文章提出了一个理论框架来分析这些差异。这种框架将使理论与政策讨论能够引进行业差异的视角。此外,这篇文章中的分析说明,科学-技术关系并不存在普遍的模式,而不如被理解为存在着部门模式,在不同的部门中,科学与技术存在不同的关系。

In modern age, science is no more pure pursuit of knowledge. Scientific discoveries are always technological inventions at the same time. This kind of science - based innovation are very different from technology - based innovation, which have been studied quite thoroughly in the past. The recognition of these differences are important for the understanding of economic development and in- dustrial technical change. For the analysis of these differences, this article sets up a theoretical framework, through which the dimen- sion of sectoral differences can be brought into discussions in theories and policies. Moreover, the analysis in this article suggest that there is not a general pattern of science - technology relation, but sectoral patterns.