当前中国民族地区社会保障状况实证研究

Empirical Study on Current Security Status in China's Minority Areas

近年来,国家通过"兴边富民行动""扶持人口较少民族发展规划"和"少数民族事业十二五规划"等措施加大了对民族地区财政扶持的力度,使民族地区的社会保障覆盖面有所扩大、保障能力有所增强。为了量化反映民族地区的社会保障水平,以5个自治区、30个自治州为研究对象,以统计数据为基础,采用编制民族地区社会保障指数的方法,通过计算各民族地区的社会保障指数,发现社会保障水平居于全国之上的只有内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区和西藏自治区3个自治区,海北藏族自治州等7个自治州的社会保障水平与全国平均水平持平,而其余的自治区和自治州的社会保障水平低于全国平均水平,临夏回族自治州的社会保障能力最低,仅达到全国平均水平的70%。总体上,民族地区的养老保障能力最薄弱,其次是医疗保障能力,最低生活保障能力相对较好。

In recent years , Chinese government has taken certain measures to increase the financial support in minori -ty areas and the coverage of social security system has been extended and the social security condition has been im -proved in these areas .In order to measure the social security situation of minority areas , the paper chooses 5 autono-mous regions and 30 autonomous prefectures and compiles an index of social security of minority areas according to the public statistic data.It is found that in terms of social security , among the 5regions, 3 are better than the average condition of the whole country;among the 30 prefectures , 7 equal the average condition of the whole country , and the rest are worse than the average condition of the whole country .In the minority areas , pension insurance policy is most inefficient, and medical insurance policy the second .The policy for the minimum living allowance is comparatively ef-ficient.