城镇化进程中乌鲁木齐市少数民族农民工空间分布及生存状态研究

Spatial Distribution and Living Situation of Urumqi Ethnic Minority Migrant Workers in the Process of Urbanization in Xinjiang

随着城市化进程的不断推进,农民工一方面成为城市建设的主力军,另一方面也成为城市中的弱势群体,需要引起社会和政府的关注,新疆少数民族农民工既有农民工的共性,又有其个性。通过对新疆乌鲁木齐市雅玛里克山、黑甲山、赛马场、二道桥-南门、南郊客运站5个少数民族聚居社区进行实地调研,深入了解少数民族农民工的生活空间分布和就业、收入、生活环境、住房、子女教育、社会保障、民族关系等现状,研究表明乌鲁木齐市少数民族农民工生活空间具有城中村指向性;最迫切的生存问题有文化程度低,劳动技能缺乏,家庭收入低;缺乏汉语交流能力,就业面窄;住房狭小,周围环境差;子女多,教育缺失等;根据目前生存所面临的问题,提出加强少数民族农民工的职业技能培训,完善社会保障体系与基层管理,改善城乡结合部基础设施建设与环境整治等政策建议。

With the advancement of urbanization,migrant workers have become the main force of city construction.But on the other hand,they also become vulnerable groups in the city,and should be paid close attention by society and government.In the article,questionnaires,in-depth interviews,direct observation are employed to conduct the research in five typical areas inhabited by ethnic minorities：Yamalike Hill,Heijia Hill,Saimachang Area,Erdaoqiao-Nanmen business district,and the Southern Suburbs Passenger Transport Terminal.The status quo of the ethnic minority migrant workers,including spatial distribution,employment,income,living environment,housing,children education,social security,ethnic relations,were learned in-depth.It was found that spatial distribution of ethnic minority migrant workers was suburb-orientate with four main sections and one sub-section.The former refers to Yamalike Hill,Heijia Hill,Saimachang Area,Erdaoqiao--Nanmen business district,the latter refers to the Southern Suburb Terminal Area.On the one hand,every area enjoys a heterogeneity from others;on the other hand,the five areas witness a great gap from the main area of Urumqi City in teams of community environment and infrastructure.The most pressing survival problems of the ethnic minority migrant workers in Urumqi were explored,including poor educational background,lack of labor skills,low incomes,poor communicating ability in Chinese,narrow employment scope,small houses,poor environment,more children and lack of education,etc.According to these problems,the countermeasures and suggestions for future development were put forward,including enhancing professional skills training,improving the social insurance system and management on grassroots level,improving the construction of infrastructure and renovation of environment in the area between town and country.