中国区域旅行社业效率的空间分异研究

Spatial Differentiation of Efficiency of Chinese Regional Travel Service Industry

运用数据包络分析模型，对2003～2009年中国区域旅行社业效率的空间分异特征及动态变化趋势进行了实证分析，研究结果表明：中国区域旅行社业综合效率总体上呈现出增长的态势，纯技术效率是综合效率变化的主导因素，中国区域旅行社业全要素生产率也表现为增长的态势；中国区域旅行社业效率呈现出东西部高、中部低走势，且中部和东西部差距较大，东部和西部差距较小；在变化趋势方面，东、中、曲部地区住旅行社业全要素生产率方面均得到很大的提高，其增长主要得益于兰大地区在技术进步方面的突出表现，但在综合效率方面均表现出弱改善的趋势；从效率类型来看，双高类型的省份主要分布东部地区，其他3个类型主要分布在中西部地区，且中国各省旅行社业效率之间的差异呈现出缩小的趋势；从各省旅行社业效率的变化趋势来看，2003～2009午，大部分省份旅行社业综合效率保持增长的态势，少数省份处于下降的趋势，在旅行社业全要素生产率方面，除新疆外，其余省份全部保持增长的态势。

By using data envelopment analysis method, this article analysed the efficiency characteristics and dynamic change of Chinese regional travel service industry during 2003-2009. The results showed that： 1） In the aspect of overall characteristics, the comprehensive efficiency of Chinese regional travel service industry presented a growing trend, the pure technical efficiency was the dominant factor of comprehensive efficiency changes, and the total factor productivity of Chinese regional travel service industry also manifested as a grow- ing trend; 2） The comprehensive efficiencies of Chinese regional travel service industry in the eastern regions and western regions were higher than in central regions, and the gap between central and eastern as well as western regions was larger, and the gap between eastern and western regions was smaller. This was mostly be- cause the proportion of the provinces above the national average level of the travel service industry in the mid- dle was lower than those in the west and the east. Another factor was that the advantage of the efficiency in the middle could not make up the disadvantage in technique, which caused that the comprehensive efficiency in the middle was lower than the east and the west; 3） The total factor productivity of travel service industry in the eastern, central and western regions have been improved greatly, and the main growth thanked for the out- standing performance of technical progress in three areas, but the aspect of comprehensive efficiency showed weak improving trend; 4） From the types of efficiency, the provinces which show ＂high efficiency, high stabili- ty＂ were mainly in eastern regions, and the other types were mainly distributed in the Midwest regions; and 5） From the efficiency change trend on travel service industry of all provinces, the comprehensive efficiency in most province＇s travel service industry kept growing situation, a few provinces in a downward trend, and on the travel agency total factor productivity, in addition to Xinjiang, the rest all kept growth trend.