基于发生学视角的淮南城市空间生长过程、特征及影响因素研究

Process, Characteristics and Influence Factors of the Huainan City's Spatial Expansion from The Embryology Perspective

以淮南市为案例,结合历次城市规划用地现状资料和产业发展数据,利用GIS技术平台,对不同考察时点淮南城市空间形态进行叠加对比研究、测算不同时期城市空间扩展形态紧凑度、扩展速度和扩展强度指数,从时间维度和空间维度2个方面考察了淮南城市空间形态的演变过程及特征。结果表明:作为无依托型煤炭城市,淮南城市空间发展经历了散点发展、节点集聚扩展、飞地拓展、轴向延伸、内向填充、整合优化、区位再造7个阶段,表现出显著的空间取向和圈层结构特征;在空间扩展过程中,深受资源分布的控制和煤炭产业的影响,城市空间围绕煤炭企业为中心生长扩展,导致城市空间从紧凑形态向分散发展,经多次嵌套填充、优化调整,再次向紧凑形态演化。分析认为,淮南在不同演化阶段,影响城市空间生长的主导因素有所差异:资源状况和通勤条件主导发生期城市空间形态、成长期受国家能源战略和交通运输的引导、中兴期则以产业结构演替为主导因素、转型期深受空间经济相互作用引导和规划调控的影响。

Taking the Huainan City as a case, the article, combined all previous status information of the urban planning land and industrial development data, using the GIS technology platform, has researched the urban spatial form of Huainan City with the method of comparative study of superposition in different inspection points, measures the compact degree index, expansion speed and expansion intensity index of the urban spatial expansion form in different periods, and inspects the evolution process and features of the urban spatial form in Huainan City from the aspects of time and space. The result indicates that the urban spatial extension of Huainan City, as a coal city, demonstrates significant spatial orientation and structure characteristics of layers, with 7 stages including scatter development, node cluster expansion, enclaves expanding, axial extension, interior filling, integration and optimization, and location reengineering. In the process of spatial expansion, under the control of the coal resource, the drive of the coal industry and the expansion of the coal enterprise, the development of urban space experiences a changing process from compact to decentralized form and then back again under the influence of gradual filling and optimization adjustment. In different periods, West, North, East, South of the city became the main directions of urban spatial expansion in turn. From the macro level, the urban spatial structure, which has free space, presents binary spatial structure— ＂urban-industrial areas＂. Instead, it is the dissimilated band structure. Along the main traffic arteries, there are residential areas, commercial areas, office area on both sides and the factory sector outward side. From the micro level, residential areas are around the coal enterprise center layout. The urban spatial structure presents ternary structure, including management area, office-residential area and coal mining area. In addition, the expanded speed and strength of urban spatial is greater different in different historical periods. Before the mid 1980s, it expanded slowly. From the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s, it kept medium speed. Since the mid 1990s, it expanded rapidly. And the urban spatial expansion of three main directions（North, West, and South） is faster than the East. The analysis concludes that, the dominant factors of urban spatial expansion are different at different stages of evolution of Huainan City. At the formative period, resource and the occurrence of the city commuting are the dominant factors led the urban spatial form change. At the growing period, the long-term national energy strategies and transportation drives the growth of the city. At the mature period, the industrial structure succession is the dominant factor. At the transition period, it is led by the interaction of the space economy and planning regulation.