与日语「ラレテイル」对应的汉韩语表现

The Chinese and Korean Expressions Corresponding to Japanese“Rareteiru”

日语的「ラレテイル」是由被动形「ラレ」加上体「テイル」组成的,这种表现表达的语法意义是"结果继续"。在形式上,与日语「ラレテイル」对应的汉语表现为"存在句""自然被动句""被字句",对应的韩语表现为"被动形■■■■"。通过实例调查可以得知日语的「ラレテイル」在汉韩语言中如何表现。研究发现,日中韩3语形成了"ラレテイル—自然被动句—被动形■■■■"的相对稳定的对应关系。在这组稳定对应表现中,它们都存在着表示"结果继续"的要素。另一方面,"ラレテイル—自然被动句"的对应率与"ラレテイル—被动形■■■■"的对应率存在着明显的差异,而这种差异应该是缘于汉语、韩语与日语的语言类型相似度的差异。

In Japanese,＂rareteiru＂is composed of passive form＂rare＂and aspect＂teiru＂.The grammatical meaning of this expression is＂continuing of result＂.The Chinese expression corresponding with Japanese＂rareteiru＂is＂existential sentence＂,＂natural passive sentence＂and＂bei-sentence＂.Besides,the Korean expression corresponding with＂rareteiru＂is＂the passive form eo/go idda＂.Through the case investigation the Chinese and Korean expression paralleling to＂rareteiru＂can be made clear.This research shows a relative stable correspondence relation of＂rareteiru-natural passive sentence-passive form eo/go idda＂between Japanese,Chinese and Korean.All the expressions in this stable corresponding group contain the element of＂continuing of result＂.On the other hand,there is an obvious difference between the correspondence rate of＂rareteiru-natural passive sentence＂and that of＂rareteiru-passive form eo/go idda＂.This kind of difference should originate from the similarity of linguistic type between Japanese and Chinese,and Japanese and Korean.