陕西关中地区夏玉米适时延收的增产效应

Effects of appropriately extending harvest on yield of summer maize in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi

【目的】研究延迟收获对陕西关中地区夏玉米千粒质量、籽粒产量以及地上部分植株各器官养分含量的影响,为夏玉米适时延收提供依据。【方法】以郑单958、先玉335为试验材料,在陕西关中地区设4个试验点（杨凌、咸阳、渭南、宝鸡）,分别在各试验点夏玉米习惯收获时间的基础上延迟收获,测定不同延迟收获时间下夏玉米千粒质量、籽粒产量以及地上部分植株各器官养分含量。【结果】在关中地区4个试验点,收获时间推迟10～24d,夏玉米千粒质量增幅为7.9%～40.9%,籽粒产量增幅为17.5%～33.3%。夏玉米叶片、茎秆、穗轴等器官中的氮、磷养分向籽粒转移,提高了籽粒品质;而茎秆中钾含量明显提高,叶片、籽粒、穗轴等器官钾含量降低。在同时满足夏玉米生育期积温和冬小麦越冬前积温的条件下,关中东部地区夏玉米收获日期应在习惯收获的基础上推迟10～15d,即收获期以10-10-10-15为宜;中部地区推迟10d左右,收获期以10-10左右为宜;西部地区则应确保在10-10之前完成夏玉米收获。【结论】延迟收获对夏玉米有明显的增产效果。

【Objective】This paper studied the effects of extending harvest time on the 1 000-grain weight,the yield and nutrient contents in some aboveground organs of summer maize in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province to provide basis for appropriate extension of harvest.【Method】Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu335were chosen as the materials and four test sites in Guanzhong area（Yangling,Xianyang,Weinan,and Baoji）were set up.On the basis of customary harvest time,harvest was extended and 1 000-grain weight,the grain yield and nutrient contents in some aboveground organs of summer maize were measured.【Result】Extending the harvest time by 10-24 d,the 1 000-grain weight and the grain yield increased by7.9%-40.9% and 17.5%-33.3%,respectively.N and P in blade,stem and cob shifted to the grain,which improved the grain quality.K in stem increased while in blade,cob,and grain reduced.Extension of harvest time was different in different sites in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.With the satisfaction of the accumulated temperature in the growing season and before wintering of the winter wheat,the harvest time of summer maize in the eastern region can be extended by 10-15 days with the appropriate harvest time of October 10 thto 15th,the suitable harvest time was around October 10 th with about a delay of 10 days in the central region,and the harvest time in western region should be before October 10 th.【Conclusion】Extending harvest time significantly increased the yield of summer maize.