塔里木河流域湖泊生态水权及其计量研究

Research on Ecological Water Right of Lake and Its Measurement in Tarim River Basin

湖泊生态水权缺失导致了流域湖泊生态环境问题;为此,首先从理论上,对流域湖泊生态水权进行内涵界定,并确定了计量依据、计量内容和计量方法,并构建了流域湖泊生态水权计量模型;塔河流域湖泊生态水权需求为7.642 9亿m3,其中叶尔羌河流域3.327 1亿m3,和田河流域1.442 7亿m3,阿克苏河流0.867 4亿m3,干流上游0.263 2亿m3,干流中游0.272 1亿m3,干流下游1.470 4亿m3;湖泊生态水权需求主要在源流,年内分配主要在6-9月和3-5月;而且,在湖泊生态水权需求中,湖泊蒸发生态水权需求占92.93%;这成为流域绿洲生态水权分配的基础。

Absence of ecological water right of lake causes the issues of lake ecological environment .So ,firstly ,this paper theoretical‐ly gives the definition of ecological water right of lake and determines the basis ,content and method of its measurement .Then the model of ecological water right of lake is established .The demand of ecological water right of lake is 7 .642 9 × 10^8 m^3 in Tarim river basin .Therein ,it is 3 .3271 × 10^8 m^3 ,0 .867 4 × 10^8 m^3 ,1 .442 7 × 10^8 m^3 ,0 .263 2 × 10^8 m^3 ,0 .272 1 × 10^8 m^3 and 1 .470 4 × 10^8 m^3 in Yarkand river ,Aksu river ,Hetian river basin ,the upper part of the mainstream ,the middle of the mainstream ,the lower parts of the mainstream ,respectively .The demand is mainly in the source of Tarim River ,and its annual allocation is mainly at the time from June to September and from March to May .Moreover ,the demand of ecological water right of lake evaporation is 92 .93% of the total ,which is the basis of allocation of oases ecological water right .