内战与危机:拜占庭帝国灭亡的内政原因探析——以帕列奥列格王朝时期的内战为例

The Civil War and the Crisis: An Analysis of the Political Causes of Death of the Byzantine Empire——With The Civil War of Dynasty of the Palaeologi As an Example

拜占庭帝国灭亡的原因纷繁复杂,既是外部各列强的军事威胁所致,也是其自身逐渐衰败而造成的自然结果,包括政治、经济、军事、外交政策及宗教信仰等诸社会因素。其自身衰败的历史自马其顿王朝末期便已出现,而这一帝国政治上的特点在拜占庭帝国晚期的历史上更是显著而持久,最终导致了拜占庭帝国灭亡的命运。末代王朝帕列奥列格王朝统治时期的一系列内战更是使帝国衰败的历史无法得到逆转,反而加速了拜占庭帝国灭亡的速度。

The causes of death of the Byzantine Empire is very complex. It was caused by both the external threat of the military powers and the natural result of itself,including political,economic,military,diplomatic policy and religion and other social elements. Its decline history appeared ever since the end of Dynasty of the Macedonian. The features and history of the Byzantine state in the later history of the Byzantine Empire were more significant and ever-lasting,and they ultimately doomed the fate of the Byzantine Empire. A series of civil war in the last Dynasty of the Palaeologi caused the decline history of the Empire.The history cannot be reversed,but it accelerated the speed of death of the Byzantine Empire.