环境因子对循环水养殖系统中生物膜净化效率影响综述

Progress of research on environmental factors affecting biofilter efficiency in recirculating aquaculture system

循环水养殖系统的关键技术是养殖废水的处理和再利用。作为循环水养殖系统水处理的核心单元,生物膜对于养殖水体中污染物的去除起着至关重要的作用。水温、盐度、p H和溶氧等环境因子都会影响生物膜的功能,环境因子的突然变化会引起生物膜脱落、影响循环水养殖系统生物膜的形成过程及运行效果。控制好水温、盐度、p H和溶氧,生物膜净化效率就能达到较为理想的状态,养殖废水的处理效果就会更好。因此,有必要研究各个环境因子变量条件下的养殖废水去除动力学特征,以期为循环水养殖系统优化设计与运行管理提供理论依据。

Treatment and reuse of aquaculture wastewater is the key technology in recirculating aquaculture systems （RAS）. Biofilter, a core unit in RAS, plays a vital role in removal of pollutants in aquaculture water. Water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen （ DO ） and other environmental factors can affect the function of biofilter. Sudden changes of environmental factors can cause biofilm degradation or dropping off, which may seriously affect biofilter growth and water treatment effects. Biofilter efficiency can achieve the ideal state and aquaculture wastewater treatment effect be improved when the water temperature, salinity, pH and DO are well under control. It is necessary to study biofilter’ s kinetics of aquaculture wastes removal under each environmental factor, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing design and operation management of RAS.