校车车身结构的有限元分析

Finite element analysis on school bus body structure

建立某型校车的有限元模型,计算在不同工况下其车身骨架的静态强度.计算结果表明:在弯曲和扭转工况下,该校车最大应力分别为154.8和171.4 MPa,均小于Q235屈服应力235 MPa;最大变形分别为4.925和12.92 mm,满足《客车定型试验规程(GB/T 13043—2006)》中所规定的弯曲和扭转工况下10及12 mm的限额;车身结构整体应力大多集中在30 MPa左右,有较大的安全裕度.分析结果可为该校车车身骨架结构优化提供参考.

A finite element model is built for a school bus and its static strength is calculated under different working conditions. The calculation results indicate that, under the bending and torsion conditions, the maximum stresses are 154.8 and 171.4 MPa, which are less than the Q235 yield stress 235 MPa; the maximum deformations are 4.925 and 12.92 ram, which meet the maximum deformation requirement of the Bus Stereotypes Test Procedures（GB/T 13043 2006） as specified in 10 and 12 mm limit under bending and torsion conditions; the overall stresses of the body structure are concentrated in about 30 MPa, which shows a large safety margin. The analysis results can provide reference for the optimization on the school bus body frame.