从隐喻和转喻的视角看待人体词“nose”认知语义网络及启示

The Semantic Web of “Nose”and its Enlightenment from the Perspective of Metaphor and Metonymy

一词多义是语言中非常重要的语言现象,具有重要的研究价值。对典型人体词"nose"的一词多义的认知研究,不仅有利于揭示词义拓展的基本规律、词义拓展的认知机制,而且对于揭示认知主体的思维模式和认知特点也具有重要的意义。从认知的角度对作为修辞手段的隐喻和转喻进行了新的探索,指出二者不仅是重要的思维模式和认知手段,也是一词多义的认知机制。通过一词多义的词义网络,揭示出词义的拓展不是任意的,隐喻和转喻在词义拓展过程中是相互交织的,进一步证实语言不是自治的、封闭的系统,从而在一定程度上驳斥了索绪尔的语言"任意说"的观点。

Polysemy as a very important language phenomenon has important value of research.“Nose”as an important organ of the head has more cognitive advantages concerning its location and feature.In addition,human body terms are the cognitive meta-concepts and the cognitive starting point for the world, so the study of polysemy of the typical human body term is not only beneficial to reveal the basic laws and the cognitive mechanism of semantic extension,but also beneficial to reveal the thinking modes and cog-nitive characteristics of the cognitive subjects.Moreover,metaphor and metonymy have long been consid-ered as two rhetorical means,and this paper carried on the new exploration of metaphor and metonymy from the perspective of cognition,and pointed out that metaphor and metonymy are not only important thinking modes and cognitive means,but also the cognitive mechanism of polysemy.Based on the seman-tic web of polysemy,this paper reveals that the semantic extension is not arbitrary,and metaphor and metonymy are interweaved in the process of semantic extension,which further confirms that language is not an autonomous,closed system,and in this way dismisses to a certain degree the Saussure’s language“arbitrary”point of view.