天津市行业用水变化与归因分析

Analysis of water use trend and its impact factors in Tianjing

通过分析天津市2000年-2011年的行业用水变化,得出如下结论:农田灌溉、工业用水和居民生活用水所占比例最大,三者之和约占天津市总用水的90%左右;天津市人均居民生活用水已经很低,进一步降低人均用水指标可能性很小,提供更为优质的水服务应该是天津市生态文明建设的主要内容,包括充足的水量和优良的水质;工业结构调整、用水效率等都是影响天津工业用水变化的主要因素,随着工业产业结构的逐步优化,未来天津市工业用水将随产值规模逐步增加。天津市农业用水主要受到降雨、耕地面积、种植结构等因素影响。近年来农业用水在天津市总用水占比呈降低趋势,不过随着设施农业发展和菜田种植面积的增加,农业用水占比可能会有所上升。

The water uses for all industries from 2000 to 2011in Tianjin were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that(1)agricultural irrigation use,industrial use,and domestic use account for about 90% of the total water consumption;(2)the domestic water use per capita in Tianjin is very low,and there is little room for saving water by lowering the domestic water use.Providing high-standard water services,such as adequate water supply and good water quality,should be the focus of the ecological civilization construction in Tianjin;(3)industrial water use is affected by of the impact factors including industrial restructuring and water use efficiency,and industrial water use increases with the gradual optimization of industrial structures;and(4)agricultural irrigation water use is affected by precipitation,arable area,and planting structure.The percentage of agricultural water use decreases in recent years,but it can increase in the near future with the development of vegetable plantations and greenhouse cropping.