中国铁路滑坡崩塌灾害分析

Analysis on the Landslide and Rockfall Disasters of China Railways

基于50年来的中国铁路滑坡崩塌灾害资料,对我国铁路滑坡崩塌灾害频次、时空分布特征及其变化进行了分析。结果表明,1954—1996年期间,全国铁路年均发生3.8次滑坡崩塌灾害,1956、1964、1971、1981和1991年是铁路滑坡崩塌灾害较为严重的年份。铁路滑坡崩塌灾害主要发生在5-8月,其中7月发生次数最多,占总数的44%,夏季的灾害次数占总数的75%左右。从铁路滑坡崩塌灾害的地域分布来看,主要分布在西南地区、西北地区、华中和华北山区,发生滑坡崩塌灾害最多的线路是宝成线,其次是襄渝线和成昆线。还对我国铁路滑坡崩塌灾害类型、致灾原因进行了探讨,并提出铁路行业防御滑坡崩塌灾害的应对策略。

Based on the landslide and rockfall disaster events of China railway during 1954 -1996, the frequency, spatio-temporal distribution and their dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The results show that during the period of 1954—1996, there were 3. 8 landslide and rockfall disaster events each year in China railways. The years of 1956, 1964, 1971, 1981 and 1991 were peak times of serious landslide and rockfall disaster events of China railway. Landslide and rockfall disasters mainly took place from May to August, and most of them occurred in July （ accounting for 44%） . With regard to the regional distribution of landslide and rockfall disasters of China railways, most disasters occurred in Southwest, Northwest and mountainous area of Central and North China. Baoji-chengdu line had the most events, followed by Xiangyu-Chongqing line and Chengdu-kunming line. The types and disastrous causes of landslide and rockfall disasters of China railways were discussed and some corresponding strategies were put forward.