卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区水源地蒙古野驴的活动节律:基于红外相机监测数据

Monitoring activity rhythms of Equus hemionus at watering holes by camera traps in Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang

蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)主要分布在亚洲中部的荒漠、半荒漠和荒漠草原地区,是我国I级重点保护野生动物。因其奔跑速度快、警惕性高、分布区域偏僻,迄今为止对其活动节律仅有半散养条件下昼间的研究。我们于2013年4–11月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区选取13处水源地,布设28台红外相机,对其在荒漠水源地的全天候活动节律进行了调查。结果表明:(1)蒙古野驴在春、夏、秋季的有效照片数量分别为294张、1,990张、2,679张,其活动频率为秋季>夏季>春季。(2)蒙古野驴昼间集群平均数量大于夜间。(3)蒙古野驴在水源地具有稳定的日活动节律,时间分配上呈典型的"U"型,其活动在0:00–1:00达到高峰,7:00–9:00间快速下降,12:00–13:00和16:00–17:00是一天中的两个低谷,在21:00–22:00间快速上升。研究水源地周围蒙古野驴的活动节律可为卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区乃至新疆北部荒漠有蹄类的监测及有效保护管理提供依据,并能对同域生存的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)的野化工作起借鉴作用。

Khulan （Equus hemionus） are a first class, nationally protected animal in China. From April to November 2013, 28 infrared cameras were set up at 13 watering holes to study the;activity rhythms of this species in the Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. The results showed that activity frequency was greatest in autumn （2,679 identification photos）, then summer （1,990）, and lowest in spring （294）. Average aggregation of E. hemionus to watering holes was greater in daylight hours than at nights. Daily activity at watering holes peaked between 0：00-1：00, declined rapidly between 7：00-9：00, was lowest between 12：00-- 13：00 and 16：00-17：00 and rose rapidly between 21：00-22：00. Studying the activity of Equus hemionus around watering holes will provide a basis for effective protection and management of desert un- gulates in northern Xinjiang. Additionally, it provides a baseline for the sympatric reintroduction of Equus przewalslcii.