护理干预对泌尿外科患者术后医院感染的影响

Effect of nursing intervention on patients with postoperative nosocomial infection in urology department

目的探讨护理干预对泌尿外科患者术后医院感染发生率的影响,关注感染患者病原学的特征及危险因素,为临床工作提供理论支持。方法收集2007年1月-2011年12月医院收治的泌尿外科手术患者680例,依患者来院的顺序分为观察组与对照组,观察组共340例,应用特定的护理干预措施,对照组共340例,应用普通的护理干预;分析两组医院感染发生率的差异,对感染患者进行病原学分析及危险因素分析,数据采用SAS 6.12软件进行统计分析。结果 680例泌尿外科手术患者有59例发生医院感染,感染率8.68%,观察组医院感染率4.41%,明显低于对照组的12.94%;共检出病原菌91株,革兰阴性菌49株,革兰阳性菌40株,真菌2株;发生医院感染与患者的年龄、住院时间、留置导管时间、伴发基础疾病、抗菌药物的使用时间等密切相关(P<0.05)。结论护理干预能降低泌尿外科患者术后医院感染的发生率;对感染的患者,要进行病原学分析及药敏检测,同时要有针对性的对危险因素进行预防,以降低医院感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on the incidence rate of nosocomial infection in patients after surgery in the urology department ,study the characteristics of infection etiology and risk factors , so as to provide theoretical support for clinical work .METHODS Totally 680 patients who were admitted to the hospital and underwent urologic surgery were selected and were divided into the observation group （340 cases） and the control group （340 cases） according to the admission time .The control group received routine nursing meth‐ods ,while the observation group received special nursing intervention .The infective incidence rate was observed in the two groups .The etiology and risk factors were studied for the two groups .Data were statistically analyzed with the software SAS 6 .12 .RESULTS Totally 59 out of 680 patients had nosocomial infection with the infection rate of 8 .68% .The incidence was lower in the observation group than in the control group （4 .41% vs 12 .94% ） . Totally 91 strains were detected including 49 strains of gram‐negative bacteria ,40 strains of gram‐positive bacteri‐a ,2 strains of fungi .The incidence of nosocomial infection was correlated with age ,hospitalization time ,catheter indwelling time ,accompanied underlying diseases and antibiotic use time （P〈0 .05） .CONCLUSION The special nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in urologic patients .For infected patients ,the pathogen and drug sensitivity test should be conducted .At the same time ,preventive measures should be taken targeting at the risk factors ,so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection .