综合医院医务人员职业暴露调查分析及对策

Analysis and countermeasures of occupational exposure of medical staff in general hospital

目的分析医务人员职业暴露的原因,探讨防护对策,制定相应防范措施,以减少职业暴露的发生,保障医务人员职业安全。方法收集2008年1月-2012年12月271名医务人员发生职业暴露的报告、随访登记表的内容进行统计分析,并对暴露情况进行评估与干预,采用Excel 2003进行统计分析。结果 271名医务人员发生职业暴露中护士发生率最高占61.99%,其次为实习生和医师,分别占15.87%和15.50%;暴露以锐器伤为主占86.35%,锐器伤发生的操作环节主要以拔输液针和测血糖居多;暴露源病种主要以乙型肝炎为主,占29.52%;经监测随访,尚无1名医务人员因发生职业暴露而感染。结论通过加强医务人员培训教育,实施标准预防,建立职业暴露监测系统,完善报告流程及暴露后正确有效处理和干预,是降低职业暴露风险的重要综合性措施。

OBJECTIVE To explore the causes and preventive strategies of occupational exposure and provide proper prevention measures to reduce occupational exposure and guarantee safety of medical staff .METHODS Reports and follow‐up sheets about the occupational exposure status of 271 medical staff in our hospital during Jan .2008 to Dec .2012 were collected to assess and intervene occupational exposure .The software Excel 2003 was used for statistical analysis .RESULTS Totally 271 cases were recorded ,nurses were the main population in occupational exposure （61 .99% ） ,followed by interns （15 .87% ） and doctors （15 .50% ） .The exposure was mainly due to sharp instrument injury （86 .35% ） which mainly happened during infusion needle extraction and blood glucose tes‐ting .The disease entity for the source of exposure was mainly hepatitis B which accounted for 29 .52% .According to follow‐ups ,no infection after occupational exposure was reported .CONCLUSION To strengthen the education about occupational exposure ,take standard prevention ,establish surveillance system ,improve the problem repor‐ting procedure and intervention for exposure are important measures for reducing the risk of occupational expo‐sure .