核桃青皮废弃物中木霉菌的分离及其适应性研究

Research on Isolation of Trichoderma from Waste of Walnut Peel and Adaptability

核桃果实采摘及加工过程中产生有毒有害物质的青皮遗弃物问题已经引起社会的关注。以核桃青皮为原料,湿热灭菌(温度121℃,时间30 min)后让其自然霉变,从中分离出滋生菌株,结合反证试验获得优势菌种。并通过检测霉变前后青皮中主要营养物质含量的变化对该菌种的适应性等进行研究。结果显示,从核桃青皮中分离出4株菌株,经鉴定分别为黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、青霉(Penicillium)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.),其中木霉属菌株是优势菌种。霉变前后青皮营养物质变化情况为可溶性糖、脂肪、蛋白质和纤维素含量分别减少了6.03%、2.97%、7.68%和64.7%。木霉菌对核桃青皮有良好的适应性和分解效果,可开发为生物肥料和新型生物杀菌剂。

The peel derelict of hazardous substances from walnut fruit picking and processing has given a rise to the concern aronnd the world. Walnut peel was used as the raw material and was left to mildew after its moist heat sterilization （ temperature 121 ℃, 30 min ） treatment, and then breeding strains were isolated from the walnut peel. The dominant species were to be gained through disproveal experiments, and adaptability of the species through detection changes in the main nutrient content of the peel around the mildew was researched , The results showed that the four walnut strains were isolated, which fall into Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Trichoderma strains is the most dominant strain among all the strains. The change of peel nutrients after mildew as follows ： soluble sugar content decreases by 6.03%, fat content decreases by2.97% ; proteins decreases by 7.68%, cellulose content decreases by 64.7%. In a conclusion, Trichoderma is adaptable to walnut peel and has decomposition effects, and can be developed as a new bio-fertilizers and biocides.