不同鸡种·饲养方式和周龄对鸡蛋蛋壳品质的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Layer Breeds,Raising Manners and Weeks of Age on Eggshell Qualities

[目的]探讨影响蛋壳品质的因素,为鸡蛋保存运输以及蛋鸡育种提供参考。[方法]以文昌鸡、苏禽青壳蛋鸡、海兰褐、海赛克斯褐、伊莎褐、罗曼褐、京红1号以及新杨褐等8个鸡种为试验素材,研究不同品种、饲养方式以及日龄对鸡蛋蛋壳品质的影响。[结果]不同品种鸡蛋蛋壳强度差异较大,以新杨褐蛋最小,为2.75 kg/cm2,与罗曼褐、京红1号、海兰褐、海塞克斯褐蛋存在显著差异(P<0.05),与伊莎褐存在极显著差异(P<0.01);蛋壳厚度以新杨褐、文昌和苏禽青壳蛋鸡相对较低,显著或极显著低于其他鸡种(P<0.05或P<0.01)。平养和笼养方式下蛋壳品质差异不显著(P>0.05)。66周龄内,随着产蛋周龄的增加蛋壳强度呈先逐渐变大后逐渐变小的变化趋势,66周龄最小,为2.31 kg/cm2,与21、30、39、48、57周龄存在极显著差异(P<0.01);21周龄和66周龄蛋壳厚度最小,极显著低于30、39和48周龄(P<0.01),且显著低于57周龄(P<0.05)。[结论]不同鸡种鸡蛋蛋壳品质差异较大,产蛋末期蛋壳品质较差。

[Objective] In order to discuss the factors to influence the eggshell quality,and provide a reference for egg storage and transportation as well as layer breeding.[Method] Eight chicken breeds of Wenchang chicken,SuqinBlue-eggshell chicken,Hy-Line Variety Brown,Hisex Brown,Isa Brown,Loman Brown,Jing hong No.one and Xinyang Brown were used as materials,the influence of breeds,raising manners and weeks of age on the eggshell qualities were studied,and the correlation were analyzed.[Result] The difference of eggshell strength in different chicken breeds was big,Xinyang Brown was the lowest,which was 2.75 kg/cm^2,had a significant difference with Loman Brown,Jing hong No.one,Hy-Line Variety Brown,Hisex Brown （P 〈 0.05）,and had a highly significant difference with Isa Brown （P 〈 0.01） ;Eggshell shickness of Xinyang Brown,Wenchang and Suqin Blue-eggshell chicken were all lower than the other breeds （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈0.01）.The eggshell qualities of reared in cages had no significant difference with that of flat pension （P 〉 0.05）.Within 66 weeks of age,eggshell strength gradually largened and then dwindled,which was lowest at 66 weeks of age（2.31 kg/cm^2）,and had a highly significant difference with 21,30,39,48,57 weeks of age （P 〈 0.01） ; The eggshell thickness of 21 and 66 weeks of age were lowest,which were lower than 30,39,48 weeks of age （P 〈 0.O1） and 57 weeks of age （P 〈 0.05）.[Conclusion] The difference between different chicken breeds was big,and the eggshell qualities of last egg laying stage were relatively poor.