灌水与施硫对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Irrigation and Sulphur Application on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

为探讨灌水与施硫对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响,在大田条件下,研究了小麦生育期内不灌水(W0)、仅灌拔节水(W1)、灌拔节水+开花水(W2),每次灌水定额75mm,和不施硫0kg·hm-2(S0)、施硫60kg·hm-2(S60)对小麦干物质积累、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明:随灌水次数的增加,田间耗水量增多,产量提高,但水分利用率降低;在3个灌水条件下,S60较S0均显著提高了生育后期干物质积累量、籽粒产量、水分利用率、灌水利用率和降水利用率;在所有灌水和施硫处理组合中,以S60W2干物质积累量和籽粒产量最高,分别为22 082k、8 087kg·hm-2,水分利用率以S60W0最高,为15.42kg·hm-2·mm-1,W2S0最低,为13.81kg·hm-2·mm-1,灌水利用率则以S60W1最高,达105.09kg·hm-2·mm-1。由此建议,在正常降水年型条件下,在氮磷钾合理配施和底墒水适宜的基础上,可采取施硫60kg·hm-2结合拔节期灌W1水的措施,实现小麦产量和水分效率的同步提高。

The objective of this study was to explore the interaction effect between irrigation and S application on water consumption,dry matter accumulation and grain yield of winter wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2011-2012 during wheat growth seasons under field conditions. Three water regimes were arranged with no irrigation（ rained,W0） during the whole growth period,only once irrigation at jointing stage（ W1）,and twice irrigation at jointing stage and at anthesis stage（ W2）,as well as two levels of S application were arranged with 0kg·hm- 1（ S0） and 60kg·hm- 1（ S60）. The results showed that grain yield of wheat and field water consumption increased with increase in irrigation frequency during,but crop water use efficiency gradually decreased. Under the condition of W2,W1 and W0,sulfur compared with no sulfur,the dry matter accumulation,grain yield,water use efficiency（ YWUE） and precipitation water use efficiency（ PWUE） of winter wheat were significantly improved Among treatments, the dry matter accumulation and yield maximum of S60W2 were 22 082 and 8 087kg·hm- 2; but no significant difference with S60W1.The maximum of YWUE is S60W0,15. 42kg·hm- 2·mm- 1; the maximum of WUEI is S60W1,105. 09kg·hm- 2·mm- 1. Therefore,we concluded that S 60kg·hm- 1combined with only once irrigation during the jointing stage would increase grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under conditions of proportion fertilization and proper moisture in ploughed soil layer before sowing wheat.