南京市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力现状及影响因素分析

Maternal parenting stress of preschool children and influencing factors in Nanjing

目的 ：调查南京市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力现状,并对其影响因素进行分析。方法 ：采取分层随机整群抽样的方法于2011年5～6月抽取南京市主城区6家幼儿园3～6岁儿童共400名,通过自制的基本情况调查表及母亲育儿压力量表对其母的育儿压力现状及其影响因素进行调查分析。结果：不同年龄段儿童的母亲育儿压力值分别为：3岁组（82.86±13.55）分、4岁组（86.72±15.92）分、5岁组（82.50±12.88）分、6岁组（86.12±14.57）分、组间没有统计学差异（F=2.29,P=0.08）。不同性别儿童的母亲育儿压力值分别为：男孩（84.88±14.93）分,女孩（84.23±13.95）分,两组没有统计学差异（t=0.43,P=0.67）。在调查的33项有关母婴健康状况、育儿环境、母亲自身职业相关的因素中,母亲流产史（P=0.041）、目前健康状况（P=0.003）、住房面积（P=0.010）及近期工作量增减（P=0.022）与母亲育儿压力相关性具有统计学意义。结论：母亲生理及心理健康对其育儿压力的影响不容忽视,在关注儿童身心健康的同时,也要关注育儿母亲的身心健康,两者相辅相成,共同促进儿童全面健康成长。

Objective：To investigate and analyze status of the maternal parenting stress of preschool children in Nanjing and its influencing factors. Methods：We selected 400 preschool children aged 3～6 years old from 6 kindergartens in the main urban area of Nanjing from May to June,2011 by stratified random sampling method. The current situation of maternal parenting stress and its influencing factors were analyzed by a self-designed questionnaire and maternal parenting stress scale. Results：There were no significant differences of the maternal parenting stress scores among the preschool children with different ages（the 3-year-old group,82.86 ± 13.55;the 4-year-old group,86.72 ± 15.92;the 5-year-old group,82.50 ± 12.88;the 6-year-old group,86.12 ± 14.57;F =2.29,P = 0.08）,as well as different sexes（boy,84.88 ± 14.93;girl,84.23 ± 13.95;t = 0.43,P = 0.67）. In the 33 factors related to maternal and child health,child care environment and career-related factors of mother,maternal history of abortion（P = 0.041）,current health status（P = 0.003）,housing conditions（P = 0.010） and workload change（P = 0.022） were significantly associated with maternal parenting stress. Conclusion：The influence of maternal physical and mental health on their parenting stress cannot be ignored. We should not only focused on the physical and mental health of child,but also the mother＇s,in order to promote the child health.