中国边境旅游:阶段、格局与若干关键战略问题及对策

Development Stages,Patterns And Key Strategic Questions Regarding Border Tourism in China

边境旅游一直是中国与周边国家次区域合作的重要内容之一,同时也是"兴边富民"的重要战略性支柱产业。近年来,随着国务院办公厅《兴边富民行动规划(2011-2015年)》政策的实施,边境旅游面临新的发展机遇。本文在总结过去边境旅游发展阶段和格局基础上,就未来边境旅游发展定位、城市旅游发展、旅游产品与线路设计、旅游资源整合开发、通道体系、政策体制试验创新等若干关键战略问题进行了初步探讨。文章认为,我国的边境旅游发展可以分为四个时期:缓慢起步期、初步发展期、快速提升期、全面发展期,并在资源、产品、市场、城市分布、跨区域合作、调控政策等方面形成了独特的发展格局。在此基础之上,文章提出我国边境旅游在发展定位、城市旅游发展、旅游产品与线路设计、旅游资源整合开发、旅游通道体系构建、旅游政策等关键方面还存在着若干问题,并就此提出了相应的对策建议,以期对我国未来边境旅游的发展有所启示。

International boundaries have traditionally been defined and demarcated for the purpose of constructing barriers to human interaction including the flow of people, goods, services, and ideas between countries. As a result, tourist destinations in Cross Border Regions （CBRs） have traditionally developed within the constraints of competing national sovereignties. Many researchers have discussed the impact of geographic conditions of cross border regions on learning processes, the potential contribution of tourism and its mobilities to facilitating innovative processes in cross border regions, especially in China. However, with the implementation of the ＂Frontier Action Plan （2011 - 2015）＂ policy by the State Council, border tourism has many new opportunities. Here, we summarized development stages and patterns of border tourism, and explored some key questions about border tourism, such as the orientation of border tourism, development of urban tourism, design of tourism products, integrated development of tourism resource, passageway systems, and innovation of political system. We point out that China＇s border tourism development can be divided into four periods： slow start period, initial development period, rapid increase period, and overall development period. We revealed that development of border tourism has formed a unique pattern of development distribution of resources, products, markets, urban morphology, inter-regional cooperation and regulatory policy. On this basis, we propose a development orientation of China＇s border tourism via urban tourism development, tourism products and circuit design, integration and development of tourism resources, tourism channel system construction, and tourism policy.