中国陆地边境县域旅游资源特征评价及其开发策略

Evaluation and Utilization Strategies of LandBorder Tourism Resources in China

我国长达2.2万km的陆地边境沿线分布有不同类型的旅游资源,极具开发利用潜力。本文依据国家标准《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》(GB/T18972-2003)(文中简称《标准(GB/T18972-2003)》),梳理了我国9省(自治区)的136个陆地边境县域内的旅游资源单体;统计分析了陆地边境旅游资源的类型与数量;总结了陆地边境旅游资源的5大特征,分别为数量繁多、体量较大,类型丰富、组合度好,特色鲜明、垄断性高,神秘神圣、有庄严感,整体连续、线性明显;进行了陆地边境旅游资源的质量等级评价,结果显示边境县域内共有61处五级旅游资源单体和237处四级旅游资源单体;最后提出了我国陆地边境旅游资源的总体开发策略和不同质量等级开发策略。

China＇ s land borders are approximately 2.2million km and different types of tourism resources are widely distributed with great potential for further exploitation. Based on National Standard Tourism Resources Classification, Investigation and Evaluation （standard GB/ T18972-2003）, we analyzed and evaluated types, quantity and quality of tourism resources for 136 land border counties in China and 3 263 tourism resources. The number of fifth-level resources, fourth-level resources and third-level resources is 61 237and 844, respectively. According to standard GB/T18972-2003, these border tourism resources cover eight main types and 31 sub-types. In terms of main types, buildings and facilities have an absolute advantage, followed by physiographic landscape and water scenery, accounting for one-third of the total. We then analyzed the spatial distribution of superior border tourism resources in terms of main types, provinces and border paragraphs. The results illustrate that border tourism resources have the following features： plentiful, massive, richness, beneficial integration, distinctive, high monopoly, sacred and solemn, continuous and linear. Based on these findings we propose exploitation strategies for overall and different qualities of border tourism resources in China. The strategies for overall exploitation include： paying attention to the characteristics of each tourism resource; selecting higher level border tourism resources as preferred targets; exploiting various products of border tourism; and promoting the cooperation of adjacent areas and ecological protection.