山东省南四湖流域农业面源污染评价及分类控制

Assessment and classified control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Nansihu Lake Basin,Shandong Province

为明确山东省南四湖流域农业面源污染状况,有针对性地采取合理的污染控制对策,采用排污系数法核算了山东省南四湖流域农业面源COD、TN和TP的污染负荷。运用等标污染负荷法、聚类分析、GIS技术对其污染物排放量、排放强度、敏感性和空间特征以及污染物分类进行分析。结果表明:2012年山东省南四湖流域农业面源COD、TN和TP的排放量分别为254574.06、116976.87和15554.42 t,排放强度分别为88.18、40.52和5.39kg·hm-2;流域最主要的污染源为畜禽养殖,最主要的污染物为TN。COD、TN和TP排放强度最高的地区分别为兖州市、梁山县和鱼台县,而排放强度最低的地区均为山亭区;兖州市、汶上县、梁山县、定陶县和滕州市为整个流域农业面源污染的高度敏感区和优先控制区,畜禽养殖是流域优先控制区的重点污染源。农村生活污染型和综合污染型分别是流域污染贡献率最高和治理难度大的污染类型。

To clarify the spatial feature of agricultural non-point source pollution（ ANPSP） and make reasonable pollutant control strategies in the Nansihu Lake Basin,Shandong Province,the pollution emission coefficient method was used to estimate the chemical oxygen demand（ COD）,total nitrogen（ TN） and total phosphorus（ TP） loads in the Nansihu Lake Basin. Equivalent standard pollution load method and GIS technology were used to analyze the pollution emission amount and emission intensity,sensitivity,and spatial characteristics. The cluster analysis was used to study the classification of the ANPSP. The results showed that the COD,TN and TP loads of Nansihu Lake Basin were 254574. 06,116976. 87 and 15554. 42 t in 2012,and the emission intensities of these pollutants were 88. 18,40. 52 and 5. 39 kg · hm-2,respectively.Livestock and poultry breeding were the most important pollution source,while TN was the most important pollutant. The highest emission intensity occurred in Yanzhou City,Liangshan County and Yutai County,while the lowest in Shanting District. The highly sensitive areas and priority control areas were Yanzhou City,Wenshang County,Liangshan County,Dingtao County and Tengzhou City for the whole Nansihu Lake Basin,and the livestock and poultry breeding were the key pollutant source of these regions. It is concluded that rural domestic pollution has the highest pollution contribution rate,while comprehensive pollution is hard to control.