不同丰容方式对笼养褐马鸡行为的影响

Effects of different enrichments on behaviors of captive brown-eared pheasant( Crossoptilon mantchuricum)

2010年4—5月和2010年12月—2011年8月,对山西庞泉沟国家自然保护区内的笼养褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)种群进行了环境丰容、投食丰容和无任何丰容的实验。采用焦点取样法、瞬时扫描取样法以及全事件取样法对每个实验组内褐马鸡的行为进行观察,探讨不同丰容措施对褐马鸡行为的影响。结果表明:2个丰容组探索行为整体趋势明显低于对照组;取食相关行为在各个丰容阶段没有明显的规律;2个丰容组异常行为表达强度低于对照组。将整个丰容阶段综合起来分析,发现环境丰容组在取食、运动、繁殖行为的时间分配显著高于对照组,警戒行为和异常行为显著低于对照组;投食丰容组取食行为和停歇行为极显著高于对照组,警戒行为与异常行为显著低于对照组。随着丰容的进行,环境丰容组的实际行为多样性逐渐升高,投食丰容组先升高后降低,对照组的实际行为多样性则逐渐降低。

We conducted an experiment of environmental enrichment and feeding enrichment on the captive brown-eared pheasant（ Crossoptilon mantchuricum） in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve,Shanxi Province from April to May,2010 and from December,2010 to August,2011.In order to test the effects of different enrichments on the captive brown-eared pheasant,scan sampling,focal sampling and all occurrence sampling methods were used to observe the behaviors of these pheasants. The results showed that the exploring behaviors of both environmental enrichment and feeding enrichment groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. Foraging-related behavior had no obvious pattern at different enrichment stages. The performance intensities of the abnormal behavior in the two enrichment groups were lower than that of the control group. Taking the whole enrichment stage into account,the time-allocation percentages of foraging,locomotive and breeding behaviors in the environmental enrichment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. However,the time-allocation percentages of vigilant behavior and abnormal behavior were significantly lower than those of the control group. The timeallocation percentages of foraging behavior and resting behavior in the feeding enrichment group were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group,while the percentages of vigilant and abnormal behaviors were significantly lower than those of the control group. With the progress of the enrichment program,the behavior diversity increased gradually in the environmental enrichment group,and initially increased and then reduced in the feeding enrichment group,while reduced gradually in the control group.