战后日本的高等工程教育与工程型人才培养

Japanese Postwar Higher Engineering Education and Engineering-Oriented Personnel Training

第二次世界大战以后,日本重工业的发展和理工扩大政策的实施促进了高等工程教育的规模扩张及地位提升,推动了日本经济的高速增长及世界制造业大国的形成。日本的高等工程教育包括专科、本科和研究生三个层次类型,不同层次的工程教育分别对应工业企业对研发、管理及生产现场等不同种类工程人才的需求,其人才培养目标和模式各不相同。立足于日本高等工程教育的办学历史与现状,总结、探讨其人才培养的模式机制与成功经验,对于现阶段我国专业教育体制的构建以及技术劳动力开发具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

After the Second World War, Japan has witnessed the development of its heavy industry and has implemented the policy of expanding science and technology, which on the one hand has boosted the growth of higher engineering education on both scale and significance, and on the other hand has promoted the rapid economic growth as well as the formation of worldwide great manufacturing power. Higher engineering education in postwar Japan consists of college, undergraduate and postgraduate education, among which different levels corresponds to different demands of development, management and production field of the industrial enterprises, respectively, and each with unique target and pattern in personnel training. Based on the historical and present operation situation of Japanese higher engineering education, it is of great importance for the construction of Chinese current professional education system and the development of technology workforce to summarize and explore the Japanese modes of talents training pattern and its successful practice.