管理措施对牧鸡生长性能及草地蝗虫数量的影响

The influence of managing measures for grazing chicken on its growth characteristics and grassland population quantity

蝗灾作为威胁草地生态系统的主要灾害之一,给草地畜牧业发展带来严重影响,如何经济、有效和安全抑制蝗虫数量显得尤为紧迫。通过野外调查就草地牧鸡放牧强度、补饲量以及放牧方式对牧鸡生长性能和蝗虫发生数量的影响进行探讨。结果发现,高山草地利用牧鸡放牧可有效控制蝗虫发生数量,长期连续牧鸡捕食能有效将蝗虫数量控制在经济阈值之下;不同放牧强度(15只/hm2和13只/hm2)和补饲程序对蝗虫种群数量没有显著差异,但对牧鸡生长性能有明显影响;自由放牧和限时放牧均能控制蝗虫数量,但限时放牧牧鸡日增重和最终活重均高于自由放牧。综合防治蝗虫和养育牧鸡来看,每公顷草场初次放牧15只牧鸡,限时放牧和适当增加补饲量可达到控制蝗虫和获得较高禽肉生产之双赢目的。

rasshopper damage is one of the plagues that threat the grassland ecology system, which had adverse effects on the sustainable development of grassland and animal husbandry. It is special pressing to explore an economical, effective and secure technology that could keep grasshopper density under the economic threshold. An experiment on the effect of managing measures （grazing intensity, supplementing amount and grazing methods） on the grasshopper population quantity and chicken growth characteristics was conducted in alpine grassland in Qilian Mountains. The results indicated that foraging chickens could effectively regulate the grasshopper amount. Long-term and continuous chickens foraging could effectively suppress grasshopper population under the economic threshold. Different grazing intensity （15 chicken/hm2 and 13 chicken/hm2） and supplementing amount did not affect significantly grasshopper amount, but have an obvious influence on the chicken growth. Both freely and limited time foraging can suppress grasshopper population, and the limited time foraging chicken had higher daily and finally body weight than those of freely foraging chicken. Combining the effect of controlling grasshopper and rearing chicken, 15 chicken per hectare at the frist grazing, limited time and appropriate supplement will gain the two-win goal in controlling grasshopper quantity and rearing chicken on rangeland.