重型颅脑损伤急性期病人护理进展

The nursing progress for patients with severe traumatic brain injury in acute phase

重型颅脑损伤(severe traumatic brain injury,s TBI)是神经外科常见的急危重症,约占颅脑损伤的20%,其急性期病情变化快,并发症多、治疗困难、护理复杂,致残、致死率高,病死率约30%。而护理质量的高低直接影响着病人的安危。现就重型颅脑损伤急性期病人的病情观察和颅内压监护、脑保护、肠内营养支持、镇痛镇静、脱水治疗、应激性高血糖等重要护理进行综述。

Severe traumatic brain injury （sTBI） is a common emergency neurosurgical disease, accounting for about 20%of traumatic brain injury. During the acute phase ,the patients′conditions change qwickly, with much more complications and difficulty to treat and care. Also, it has high rate of disability and mortality, and the mortality rate is about 30%.The quality of nursing care will directly affect the safety of the patients. In this paper, a review is made on disease observation, intracranial pressure monitoring, cerebral protection, enteral nutrition, sedation, treat-ment of dehydration and stress hyperglycemia in patients with sTBI in acut phase.