慢性阻塞性肺疾病与社区常见慢性病在上海市崇明县农村人群中的认知现状

Cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and common chronic diseases in rural residents of Chongming County in Shanghai

目的了解上海市崇明县农村人群对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的认知现状,为制定COPD社区防治策略提供客观依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,于2013年4—7月对上海市崇明县港沿镇20岁以上人群进行COPD、高血压病、糖尿病和脑梗死等疾病名称、高危因素、危害和防治知识等认知现状的横断面调查。结果抽查的800名被调查者中,645名(80.63%)完成认知现状调查问卷,其中男266名,女379名,平均年龄为(61.6±14.8)岁。确诊COPD患者62例,患病率为9.61%,所有需要药物治疗的患者均未接受过规范的吸入药物治疗。被调查者对肺功能检查的知晓率为4.19%,显著低于对头颅CT(72.87%)、血糖检查(74.42%)的知晓率(P值均<0.01);对COPD的疾病名称的知晓率仅为3.41%,显著低于对高血压病(92.71%)、糖尿病(87.44%)和脑梗死(83.88%)等其他慢性疾病的知晓率(P值均<0.01);对COPD的高危因素、危害、防治知识的知晓率均为2.02%,显著低于对高血压病的高危因素(30.70%)、危害(34.11%)和防治知识(33.64%)的知晓率,对糖尿病的高危因素(26.20%)、危害(22.17%)和防治知识(21.40%)的知晓率,以及对脑梗死的高危因素(20.16%)、危害(32.87%)和防治知识(28.53%)的知晓率(P值均<0.01)。≥60岁人群对COPD的疾病名称、高危因素、危害和防治知识的知晓率均显著低于其他年龄段人群(P值均<0.05)。结论上海市崇明县港沿镇社区居民对肺功能检查的知晓率低,对COPD的疾病认知程度差,需加大健康教育和宣传的力度。

Objective To investigate the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in rural residents and to provide objective basis for COPD management. Methods Cluster random sampling was used in this cross-sectional survey. From April to July 2013, people over 20 years old in Gangyan Town of Chongming County, Shanghai were enrolled and investigated for knowledge in high risk factors, harmfulness and prevention of COPD, hypertension, diabetes and cerebral infarction. Results Among 800 interviewees, 645 （80.63%） completed questionnaires; there were 266 males and 379 females with an average age of （61.6± 14.8） years old. COPD was diagnosed in 62 people, with a prevalence rate of 9.61%. All the patients who should take bronchodilators did not receive any inhalation therapy. Only 4. 19 % people knew pulmonary function test, which was significantly less than head CT scan （72.87%） and blood glucose test （74.42 %, both P〈0.01 ）.Only 3.41% people heard about COPD, which was significantly less than hypertension （92. 71%）, diabetes （87.44%） and cerebral infarction （83.88%, all P〈0. 01）. Only 2.02% people knew the high risk factors, harmfulness and prevention of COPD, which was significantly less than those of hypertension （30.70%, 34.11%, 33.64%）, diabetes （26.20%, 22. 17%, 21.40%） and cerebral infarction （20. 16%, 32.87%, 28.53%, all P〈0.01）. Compared to young people, those over 60 years old knew less COPD knowledge, such as about disease name, high risk factors, harmfulness and prevention （all P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Awareness rate of pulmonary function test and COPD is low in residents from Gangyan Town of Chongming County in Shanghai. More efforts should be devoted to improve health education and knowledge on COPD.