栽培模式对鲁中地区小麦群体数量、产量和水分利用的影响

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Population Quantity,Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat in the Central Part of Shandong Province

为筛选黄淮麦区高产麦田的水分高效利用栽培模式,以冬小麦品种泰山4241为材料,通过2010-2012年在泰安市的田间试验,比较了5种栽培模式下小麦群体数量、产量和水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,在5种栽培模式中,节水模式1(总施氮量210kg·hm-2,追氮比例为40%,灌底墒水+越冬水+拔节水,10月10日播种,基本苗225万株·hm-2)的小麦产量结构较合理,收获指数和水分利用效率相对较高,其中收获指数和水分利用效率两年平均较农户模式分别增加1.45%和3.05%,产量略高于农户模式。因此,该模式具有节水、节肥和高产的特点,在鲁中地区具有一定的推广价值。

In recent years, with the increase of wheat yield,the phenomenon of water and fertilizer waste exists in field management process. Proper scheme of wheat planting patter can gain high re- source use efficiency and high yield. To explore the effects of different wheat planting patterns in huang-huai wheat production area, a field experiment including 5 different fertilization and irrigation patterns was carried out in Tai＇an county of Shandong province in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growth seasons. Yield characters, harvesting index and water use efficiency of winter wheat were investigated and compared. The results showed that the water saving model 1 （the amount of nitrogen for basal/ topdressing was 210 kg · hm^-2 and the irrigation amount was 750 m^3 · hm^-2 water at sowing time, wintering period and jointing stage, respectively） was a fairly good high yield planting pattern, and the harvest index and water use efficiency in the two consecutive years were 1.45 % and 3.05 % higher than that of farmers＇ conventional model. In short, the water saving model 1 was the most suitable and efficient cultivation model in the ecological environment of central part of Shandong province. It might be of great extension value in the future for its advantages such as water saving, fertilizer saving, la- bor saving and high yielding.