城市人居环境类型及空间格局研究——以大连市沙河口区为例

Spatial Pattern and Classification of Human Settlement:A Case Study of Shahekou in Dalian

从人居环境系统视角出发,以大连沙河口区199个典型住宅小区为研究对象,实证探索了城市人居环境类型及空间格局。研究结果表明:1影响城市人居环境六大主因子为居住质量、邻里关系、自然环境、生活便利度、轻轨交通、教育医疗;2以六大因子与不同收入群体的人居活动交互作用为依据把大连沙河口区人居环境分为低收入群体——居住质量差型、中等收入——居住系统均衡型、高收入——居住质量高和公共设施良好型、高端人士群体——自然环境优越型,以及非自由选择分配住房的单位制居民——邻里关系密切型;3 5种城市人居环境类型"同质"集聚与"异质"集聚并存,形成以海岸线三圈层结构为主的南高北低态势,辅以中东部商圈高收入居住区,中西部混合异质区的复合圈层空间格局。

Applying the traditional methods of Principal Components Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Meth- ods, the spatial pattern and formation mechanism of human settlement type were explored from the human set- tlements system perspective using 199 typical residential quarters in Shahekou as the case study. These results showed that： six main affecting factors of urban human settlement in Shahekou, Dalian were identified. 1） The quality of building, neighborhood relations, natural environment, convenient degree of living, the access of light rail transit, and medical and education facilities. 2） Based on the interactions between the relationship of six main affecting factors and different income groups, this article divided Shahekou District into 5 types, which are the poor living quality type for the low-income, balanced living system type for the middle-income, high quality of housing and public facilities type for the high-income, the pleasant natural environment for the high-end groups, and the neighborhood dense type formed on the basis of ＂danwei＂, which caused by histori- cal house allocation policy without free choice. 3） The ＂homogeneous＂ agglomeration and ＂heterogeneous＂ agglomeration of 5 human settlement types coexist in Dalian Shahekou district. The spatial pattern of ＂homo- geneous＂ agglomeration is represented by ＂Ring homogeneous gathering form＂ meaning three types of human settlement dispersed in three spheres respectively based on the southern coastline as a benchmark, and ＂homo- geneous gathering forms＂ meaning the third type of human settlement hold together and push into the center of Peace Square Business Circle and Xi＇an Road business circle. The spatial pattern of ＂heterogeneous＂ repre- sents by ＂the insertion into internal spheres＂ heterogeneous region and ＂broken and mixed type＂ heteroge- neous region. 4） The human settlement spatial pattern in Shahekou is a three-ring spatial pattern structure based on coastline, supplemented by high-income human settlement on the mid-east, mixed heterogeneous hu- man settlement on the mid-west. Finally, this article analyzed the mechanism of human settlement type and spa- tial pattern from the point of view of the interaction among 5 main subsystems of human settlement system, the 2 main subject subsystems, ＂mankind＂ and ＂social network＂, and the 3 main object subsystems to acceler- ate or slow down the formation process of human settlement classification and spatial pattern.