基于社会网络方法的跨界旅游客流网络结构研究——以泸沽湖为例

The Network Structure of Cross-border Tourism Flow Based on the Social Network Method: A Case of Lugu Lake Region

基于问卷调查和旅行社推介线路,获取旅游客流数据,借助社会网络结构洞理论、社会资源理论与结构角色理论,运用Ucinet和Netdraw软件,构建跨界旅游客流网络结构模型,并以川滇泸沽湖为案例地,探讨跨界旅游客流空间布局模式、网络结构及节点角色地位,试图揭示跨界旅游客流时空演变、扩散规律及内在机理,为跨界旅游区协同合作提供一定的科学依据。结果表明:1泸沽湖跨界旅游客流网络中,丽江古城区、大玉龙景区是旅游客流网络的核心和集散中心;泸沽湖、香格里拉处于次级旅游核心和次级集散中心地位;大理古城区、苍山洱海、昆明市区、束河古镇是重要旅游目的地和旅游通道;泸山邛海是唯一位于四川的次级集散中心和重要目的地;其他旅游节点中心性指标得分较低,主要接受高等级旅游地旅游客流辐射,相互连接强度较低,为一般旅游目的地和边缘旅游目的地;2跨界旅游区客流网络存在核心-边缘结构,边界效应极强,客流网络结构分层明显,可细分为旅游核心、云南片重要旅游节点、云南片一般旅游地、跨界旅游地和四川片重要旅游地5类;3旅游客流网络中存在明显的派系,泸沽湖旅游客流流动路径指向云南片区大玉龙景区、丽江古城区、香格里拉及四川片区泸山邛海,这些地区成为景区突破边界效应,带动跨界旅游一体化发展的关键。4川滇两省旅游行政部门共同制定旅游区发展规划,树立统一的旅游品牌形象,整合并优化资源、产品与线路,完善跨界旅游交通网络等是今后泸沽湖跨界旅游合作的重点。

Based on the tourist flow data obtained from questionnaires and travel agencies＇ itineraries, with the guide of social network structural hole theory, social resources theory as well as structural role theory, this arti- cle uses Ucinet and Netdraw software to construct the network structure of cross-border tourist flow, and with the case study of Lugu Lake in boundary of Sichuan and Yunnan to discuss the spatial layout model of cross-border tourist flow, network structure and the roles of node. It is tried to reveal the law of time-space evo- lution, diffusion and its internal mechanism of cross-border tourist flow, and provide a scientific basis for tour- ism collaboration of other domestic cross-border tourist areas. The results show that： 1） in the network of cross-border tourist flow of Lijiang Ancient City and Large Jade Dragon Scenic Area are the core and distribu- tion center of tourist flow network. Lugu Lake and Shangri-la are in the secondary tourism core and hub status. Dali Ancient City, the Cang Mountain and Erhai Lake, Kunming City together with Shuhe Ancient Town play an important role of tourism destination and tourism channel. In addition, Lu Mountain and Qiong Sea are the only secondary distribution center and the important destination which located in Sichuan Province. Other tour- ist nodes mainly play a part of ordinary and edge tourist destinations due to their centrality index score are low. They mostly accept the tourist flow radiation from higher grade tourism destinations and have a weak mutual connection between each other. 2） Cross-border tourist flow network has a core- edge structure, what＇ s more, its boundary effect is extremely strong. There is an obvious hierarchical relationship in tourist flow structure. It can be subdivided into 5 categories, including tourism core, major tourist destination in Yunnan, general tourist destination in Yunnan, cross-border tourism destination and major tourist destination in Sichuan. 3） There exist obvious factions in tourist traffic network, tourist flow path in Lugu Lake points to Big Jade Dragon Scenic Ar- ea, Lijiang Ancient Town, Shangri-La along with Lu Mountain and Qiong Sea in Sichuan. These areas become the key for scenic area to breaking through the boundary effect, promoting the integration development of cross-border tourism. The tourism administrative department of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces should take ef- fective measures to strengthen the cross-border tourism cooperation of Lugu Lake, such as to formulate tour- ism development planning jointly, to establish an unified tourism brand image, to integrate and optimize tour- ism resources, products and travel routes, and perfect cross-border tourist traffic network.