金河林业局兴安落叶松群落结构及物种多样性研究

RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF Larix gemlinii COMMUNITY IN JINHE FORESTRY BUREAU

本文通过对金河兴安落叶松典型样地进行调查,分析了兴安落叶松群落树种组成结构,并采用方差(v)/均值(m)方法研究其种群分布格局,选取物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数等指标,揭示其物种多样性的分布规律。结果表明:(1)3块样地均以兴安落叶松为主,并伴生少量白桦,样地Ⅱ还伴生有少量樟子松。3块样地的林分密度分别为:样地Ⅲ(1 350株/hm^2)>样地Ⅱ(1 330株/hm^2)>样地Ⅰ(840株/hm^2);(2)样地Ⅰ的兴安落叶松种群格局为随机分布,样地Ⅱ和样地Ⅲ均为聚集分布;(3)样地物种多样性指数(D和H′)和丰富度指数(S)均表现为:样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅲ。均匀度指数Pielou指数(Jsw)和Pielou指数(Jsi)表现为:样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅲ>样地Ⅰ,Alatalo指数(Ea)为:样地Ⅱ>样地Ⅰ>样地Ⅲ。在群落垂直结构上,3个样地的丰富度指数(S)及样地Ⅰ、样地Ⅱ的多样性指数(D和H′)均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,而三个样地的均匀度指数规律差异较大。

Based on field investigation of Larix gmelinii in JinHe,this paper analyzed the tree species composition structure of Larix gmelinii community.By means of variance/mean,species richness index,diversity index and evenness index,this paper studied the distribution patterns and species diversity.The results showed that;（1）Three samples were all mainly Larix gmelinii with a small amount of Betula platyphylla,Sample Ⅱ was always associated with a few Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.The density is;sample Ⅲ（1350 No./hm^2）〉 sample Ⅱ（1330 No./hm^2）〉 sample〉 Ⅰ（840 No./hm^2）.（2）The distribution patterns of sample Ⅰ was random distribution.Sample Ⅱand sample Ⅲ were aggregated distribution.（3） Species richness and species diversity index are;sample Ⅱ 〉sample Ⅰ 〉sample Ⅲ.Evenness pielou index was：sample Ⅱ 〉sample Ⅲ〉 sample Ⅰ.Alatalo index was：sample Ⅱ〉 sample 〉Ⅰ sample Ⅲ.On the community vertical structure,the richness index（S） of three sample and the diversity index（D and H ＇） of sample Ⅰand Ⅱ were：herb layer〉 shrub layer 〉arbor layer,while the species evenness index regulation has a larger difference among three samples.