两汉骑都尉续考——以东汉骑都尉为中心

A Continued Examination of the Qi Du Wei During the Two Han period——with the focus on that of the Eastern Han

汉代"骑都尉"之名直接承袭秦代,并非为避高祖讳而改名。西汉前期骑都尉被撤销。武帝时重置,分两类:一、中都官骑都尉,隶属于郎中令,最初的职掌可能是"掌(或监)从骑",宣帝时增加监羽林和使护西域两职能。骑都尉还可以领其他屯兵,并与加官有一定的相似性。二、地方骑都尉,类似于属国都尉,数量很少。武、宣二帝奠定了两汉骑都尉发展的基本脉络。东汉地方骑都尉消失,只剩中都官骑都尉。其特点有:一、职能单一化,军事职能显著增强,可以作为将领单独出征;二、兼任官职单一化。一般只兼任侍中,可参议朝政;三、骑都尉有朝着荣誉化、闲散化发展的趋势;四、这一职位具有较强的开放性。骑都尉在后世沿着荣誉化、闲散化的趋势发展,最终成为荣誉官号。

Qi Du Wei was a name directly inherited from the Qin dynasty. It was not something that was renamed to avoid naming taboo of the First Han Emperor. During the early Western Han period,the designation was revoked. It was re- established by the Emperor Wu and was classified into two categories: Chief Commandant of Cavalry of the Capital and Provincial Qi Du Wei.